Our nation has experienced a recent surge in the prevalence of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders. Mounting evidence indicates that exposure to environmental risk factors such as inflammation during critical periods of fetal development contribute to this increase; however the mechanisms for this association remain largely unknown. Rodent studies provide strong evidence that maternal obesity causes a heightened inflammatory response and subsequent long-term changes in offspring brain development and behavior. However, the critical periods for development of many of the neural systems that regulate behavior are different between rodents and primates (postnatal vs. in utero, respectively). The effects of maternal obesity- induced inflammation on the behavior of juvenile offspring have not been examined in a primate species. In accordance with the NIMH new strategic plan and Research Domain Criteria (i.e. RDoC), this proposal examines the consequences of maternal obesity-induced inflammatory responses on negative valence symptoms in offspring using a non-human primate (NHP) model. Negative valence symptoms are a core component dimension of several developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, and are often a primary factor that prompts families to seek clinical services. We hypothesize that exposure to inflammation induced by maternal obesity impact the development of neural circuits critical in behavioral regulation and subsequently alter offspring behavior. Considering that two-thirds of pregnant American women are overweight or obese, this may be one of the most common and influential environmental risk factors for behavioral disorders. Using our NHP model, we have demonstrated that maternal obesity causes activation of inflammatory pathways in the placenta and fetal brain. NHP offspring exposed to inflammation induced by maternal obesity have decreased brain serotonin and exhibit increased anxious, aggressive, and repetitive behavior, and reductions in social behaviors. As such, this model is ideal to examine the influence of inflammatory factors induced by maternal obesity on negative valence symptoms (anxiety and aggression). We propose that maternal obesity increases offspring exposure to inflammation, which leads to perturbations in the serotonin system, induces atypical brain connectivity, and increases risk for behavioral abnormalities.
Aim 1 defines the long-term impact of exposure to inflammation induced by maternal obesity on offspring temperament and behavior.
Aim 2 uses functional brain imaging to identify target regions for histochemical studies and observe the effect of inflammation induced by maternal obesity on brain wide functional neural networks. The use of this non-invasive technique allows our findings to be readily translatable to humans.
Aim 3 identifies the site- specific changes in neuroanatomy that underlie the alterations in functional brain imaging and behavioral abnormalities. The proposed studies are fundamental to understanding the impact of inflammation induced by maternal obesity on the behavioral regulation of the next generation.

Public Health Relevance

The rates of child behavioral disorders (such as autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) have risen dramatically during the past decade. Recent studies indicate that exposure to maternal obesity and inflammation during development increases the risk of developing a childhood mental disorder; however, the mechanisms for this association remain largely unknown, and thus it is critical to examine the impact of maternal obesity-induced inflammation during pregnancy on offspring's brain development and behavior. The proposed set of studies uses a nonhuman primate model, behavioral assays, and functional brain imaging to examine the consequences of exposure to maternal obesity-induced inflammation on offspring brain development and behavior.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH107508-02
Application #
9063608
Study Section
Neuroendocrinology, Neuroimmunology, Rhythms and Sleep Study Section (NNRS)
Program Officer
Zehr, Julia L
Project Start
2015-05-05
Project End
2020-02-29
Budget Start
2016-03-01
Budget End
2017-02-28
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Oregon Health and Science University
Department
Type
Primate Centers
DUNS #
096997515
City
Portland
State
OR
Country
United States
Zip Code
97239
True, Cadence; Arik, Anam; Lindsley, Sarah et al. (2018) Early High-Fat Diet Exposure Causes Dysregulation of the Orexin and Dopamine Neuronal Populations in Nonhuman Primates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 9:508
Milham, Michael P; Ai, Lei; Koo, Bonhwang et al. (2018) An Open Resource for Non-human Primate Imaging. Neuron 100:61-74.e2
Xu, Ting; Falchier, Arnaud; Sullivan, Elinor L et al. (2018) Delineating the Macroscale Areal Organization of the Macaque Cortex In Vivo. Cell Rep 23:429-441
True, Cadence; Dean, Tyler; Takahashi, Diana et al. (2018) Maternal High-Fat Diet Effects on Adaptations to Metabolic Challenges in Male and Female Juvenile Nonhuman Primates. Obesity (Silver Spring) 26:1430-1438
Thompson, Jacqueline R; Gustafsson, Hanna C; DeCapo, Madison et al. (2018) Maternal Diet, Metabolic State, and Inflammatory Response Exert Unique and Long-Lasting Influences on Offspring Behavior in Non-Human Primates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 9:161
Pace, Ryan M; Prince, Amanda L; Ma, Jun et al. (2018) Modulations in the offspring gut microbiome are refractory to postnatal synbiotic supplementation among juvenile primates. BMC Microbiol 18:28
Prola-Netto, Joao; Woods, Mark; Roberts, Victoria H J et al. (2018) Gadolinium Chelate Safety in Pregnancy: Barely Detectable Gadolinium Levels in the Juvenile Nonhuman Primate after in Utero Exposure. Radiology 286:122-128
Grayson, David S; Fair, Damien A (2017) Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature. Neuroimage 160:15-31
Sullivan, Elinor L; Rivera, Heidi M; True, Cadence A et al. (2017) Maternal and postnatal high-fat diet consumption programs energy balance and hypothalamic melanocortin signaling in nonhuman primate offspring. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 313:R169-R179
Musser, Erica D; Willoughby, Michael T; Wright, Suzanne et al. (2017) Maternal prepregnancy body mass index and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a quasi-experimental sibling-comparison, population-based design. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 58:240-247

Showing the most recent 10 out of 16 publications