The purpose of this research is to develop the mouse skin carcinogenesis model as a paradigm for the study of tumor modifiers: their numbers and locations within the genome, their genetic interactions, biological functions and effects on the somatic genetic events of tumor development. Our ultimate goal is to clone tumor modifiers in the mouse for testing in human populations, with a view to improving the prospects for prediction of risk, prevention and therapy of human cancers. To achieve to broad aims set out in this proposal, we have set up an international consortium of groups and consultants with complementary expertise in the study of mouse tumor modifiers (P.Demant, Holland and T.Dragani, Italy), generation of novel models through germline manipulation, (T.Jacks, Boston;D.Hanahan and E.Epstein, San Francisco), physical induction of germline deletions for functional studies of modifier genes (T.Sato and M.Kusakabe, Japan) and the search for tumor modifiers in human populations (B.Ponder, UK). Our initial aim is to determine the number and chromosomal locations of skin tumor modifier loci in a variety of mouse strains, using a combination of genetic approaches including interspecific backcrosses between mus spretus and mus musculus. Since the detection of human modifiers of complex traits directly using human material involves approaches such as linkage disequilibrium with single nucleotide polymorphisms, we will pursue a parallel strategy in the mouse by investigating animals selected from a mixture of genetic backgrounds by virtue of sensitivity of resistance to skin carcinogenesis. This will be carried out using chemical carcinogenesis in skin as a method of tumor induction, and will provide us with information on the degree of overlap of these different approaches to the detection and analysis of tumor modifiers. A number of transgenic/knock out models for skin tumor induction will also be investigated. These include keratin promoter-driven ras or HPV transgenic mice, which develop multiple squamous carcinomas, and patched (Ptc) knock-out mice, which provide a model for the development of basal cell carcinomas after UV treatment. Modifiers of these transgene/knockout induced phenotypes will be analyzed using genetic mapping approaches in mus musculus and mus spretus crosses. In the same crosses, DNA repair capacity will be assessed (with J.Cleaver, San Francisco) in individual mice and the relationship between loci that control DNA repair and the tumor predisposition loci will be investigated. These studies may identify subsets of tumor modifiers which operate in skin independent of the mode of tumor induction, or which may be specific for a particular genetic insult or target cell within the skin. Together with Drs. Kusakabe and Sato in Japan, we will induce germline deletions in regions of the mouse genome that harbor potential tumor modifier or tumor suppressor genes as a prelude to functional studies in vivo. The relationship between these germline tumor modifiers and the somatic genetic alterations which take place during tumorigenesis will be investigated using microsatellite-based LOH, CGH and genomic arrays (with J.Gray, D.Pinkel and D.Albertson, San Francisco) to study patterns of gene loss or gain in tumors representing different stages of carcinogenesis. Finally, candidate modifiers identified using mouse approaches will be studied in humans to determine their relevance to the development of human skin or other tumor types.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project--Cooperative Agreements (U01)
Project #
5U01CA084244-05
Application #
6633578
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZCA1-SRRB-7 (O3))
Program Officer
Marks, Cheryl L
Project Start
1999-09-30
Project End
2004-03-31
Budget Start
2003-04-25
Budget End
2004-03-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2003
Total Cost
$971,899
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California San Francisco
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
094878337
City
San Francisco
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94143
Huang, Phillips Y; Kandyba, Eve; Jabouille, Arnaud et al. (2017) Lgr6 is a stem cell marker in mouse skin squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Genet 49:1624-1632
Quigley, David A; Kandyba, Eve; Huang, Phillips et al. (2016) Gene Expression Architecture of Mouse Dorsal and Tail Skin Reveals Functional Differences in Inflammation and Cancer. Cell Rep 16:1153-1165
Halliwill, Kyle D; Quigley, David A; Kang, Hio Chung et al. (2016) Panx3 links body mass index and tumorigenesis in a genetically heterogeneous mouse model of carcinogen-induced cancer. Genome Med 8:83
Adams, Cassandra J; Yu, Jennifer S; Mao, Jian-Hua et al. (2016) The Trp53 delta proline (Trp53?P) mouse exhibits increased genome instability and susceptibility to radiation-induced, but not spontaneous, tumor development. Mol Carcinog 55:1387-96
Quigley, David (2015) Equalizer reduces SNP bias in Affymetrix microarrays. BMC Bioinformatics 16:238
Quigley, David; Silwal-Pandit, Laxmi; Dannenfelser, Ruth et al. (2015) Lymphocyte Invasion in IC10/Basal-Like Breast Tumors Is Associated with Wild-Type TP53. Mol Cancer Res 13:493-501
McCreery, Melissa Q; Halliwill, Kyle D; Chin, Douglas et al. (2015) Evolution of metastasis revealed by mutational landscapes of chemically induced skin cancers. Nat Med 21:1514-20
Song, Ihn Young; Balmain, Allan (2015) Cellular reprogramming in skin cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 32:32-9
Huang, Phillips Y; Balmain, Allan (2014) Modeling cutaneous squamous carcinoma development in the mouse. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 4:a013623
Balmain, Allan; Yuspa, Stuart H (2014) Milestones in skin carcinogenesis: the biology of multistage carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 134:E2-7

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