Platelets are circulating anucleate blood cells imperative for hemostasis. Thrombocytopenia is a major clinical problem afflicting patients with a variety of conditions, and can be a life-threatening consequence of genotoxic treatments including chemotherapy and radiation therapy. At steady state, human adults produce close to 1 trillion platelets each day from polyploid megakaryocyte (MK) precursors. The leading paradigm of megakaryopoiesis centers on the ability of cytokines, chiefly thrombopoietin (TPO), to promote MK progenitor proliferation and MK precursor maturation. Recently, however, there has been increasing focus on the ability of the bone marrow microenvironment to support MK maturation and platelet formation. It is well established that thrombopoiesis occurs in the vascular niche, where mature MK precursors associate with sinusoidal endothelium and extrude pro-platelets into the vasculature. The chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), signaling through receptor CXCR4, has been implicated in the chemotaxis of MKs toward sinusoidal vessels, however we lack a comprehensive analysis of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling in MK lineage development and platelet production. Accordingly, the overall goals of this proposal are to better understand the microenvironmental regulation of the MK lineage by elucidating the role of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis and to use this knowledge to improve therapeutic strategies for thrombocytopenia. First, we will delineate the in vivo function of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling in MK lineage maturation, spatial localization, and platelet production during steady-state hematopoiesis. Our preliminary data indicate that SDF-1 acutely promotes the physical association of MKs with sinusoidal vasculature and increases circulating platelets. As many thrombocytopenias derive from damage to both the bone marrow microenvironment and the platelet-producing cells of the MK lineage, we will use sublethal total body irradiation (TBI) as an injury model to define the role of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling in MK lineage recovery from clastogenic insult. In this setting, we will also examine the ability of SDF- to ameliorate radiation-induced thrombocytopenia and enhance platelet recovery. Overall, through these studies we will gain an improved understanding of the microenvironmental regulation of megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis and lay the groundwork for the potential targeting of the SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway to improve thrombocytopenia.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research will provide an enhanced understanding of the biology of megakaryopoiesis and platelet production by investigating how these processes are regulated by microenvironmental chemokine SDF-1. This knowledge will provide a foundation for improved therapeutic strategies for patients with thrombocytopenia caused by clastogenic agents including radiation and chemotherapy.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Individual Predoctoral NRSA for M.D./Ph.D. Fellowships (ADAMHA) (F30)
Project #
5F30DK100164-03
Application #
8911831
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZDK1)
Program Officer
Bishop, Terry Rogers
Project Start
2013-08-06
Project End
2016-05-13
Budget Start
2015-08-06
Budget End
2016-05-13
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Rochester
Department
Pediatrics
Type
School of Medicine & Dentistry
DUNS #
041294109
City
Rochester
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
14627
Niswander, Lisa M; Fegan, Katherine H; Kingsley, Paul D et al. (2014) SDF-1 dynamically mediates megakaryocyte niche occupancy and thrombopoiesis at steady state and following radiation injury. Blood 124:277-86
Niswander, Lisa M; McGrath, Kathleen E; Kennedy, John C et al. (2014) Improved quantitative analysis of primary bone marrow megakaryocytes utilizing imaging flow cytometry. Cytometry A 85:302-12