Repeated intermittent exposure to amphetamine leads to long-lasting sensitization of its psychomotor stimulant effects, such that re-exposure to the drug weeks to months later produces enhanced locomotor responding and self-administration of the drug. These findings support the proposal that sensitization of the appetitive effects of amphetamine may underlie the transition from casual drug use to drug craving and abuse. The induction of this drug-induced sensitization necessarily involves exposure to the drug in association with a complex of environmental stimuli. Repeated pairings of drugs with environmental stimuli leads to the formation of associations between the two such that these stimuli come to elicit behavioral and biochemical responses similar to those produced by the drug itself. Thus, it can be easy to confound the separate contributions of associative conditioning and non-associative sensitization to the enhanced responding observed following repeated drug exposure. One method for distinguishing between these two processes is to compare the effects of systemic amphetamine exposure to those of amphetamine applied directly to the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Amphetamine is known to act in the VTA to initiate sensitization, but fails to produce conditioning when applied to this site. Thus, by comparing the effects of VTA and systemically administered amphetamine, the associative and non-associative consequences of repeated exposure to the drug can be studied in relative isolation. The experiments in this grant proposal aim to better characterize both the neurochemical and morphological underpinnings of associative conditioning and non-associative sensitization, and will test two main hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: The activity of specific proteins in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) during drug-conditioning are necessary for the formation of learned associations linking the drug environment to stimuli. Preliminary findings demonstrate, and the proposed experiments will further explore, how inhibition of the protein cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) in the NAcc during drug exposure blocks associative conditioning while preserving non-associative sensitization. Furthermore, by comparing other protein changes in the NAcc caused by repeated systemic or VTA amphetamine exposure, we will be able to identify other proteins correlated either with conditioning or sensitization. Hypothesis 2: Specific populations of neurons undergo conditioning-related neuroanatomical plasticity. Using c-Fos as a marker to identify NAcc cells contributing to associative conditioning, we will inject these neurons with the carbocyanine neuronal tracer DiI in order to characterize their dendritic spine morphology using confocal 2-photon microscopy.

Public Health Relevance

Drug addiction is a disease that is uniquely costly to society and affects the health, productivity, and well-being of individuals in various age groups and demographics. Much published research demonstrates how prolonged drug use produces changes in the brain. The proposed experiments extend this approach to study how these changes are regulated at the neuronal level by environmental factors that may encourage drug-seeking. Understanding how drug-paired environments regulate brain processes underlying compulsive drug use may lead to novel therapeutic and pharmacological treatments for the disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Predoctoral Individual National Research Service Award (F31)
Project #
5F31DA030021-02
Application #
8209982
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-F02A-J (20))
Program Officer
Babecki, Beth
Project Start
2011-01-01
Project End
2012-12-31
Budget Start
2012-01-01
Budget End
2012-12-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$42,232
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Chicago
Department
Psychiatry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
005421136
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60637
Singer, Bryan F; Bubula, Nancy; Przybycien-Szymanska, Magdalena M et al. (2016) Stimuli associated with the presence or absence of amphetamine regulate cytoskeletal signaling and behavior. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 26:1836-1842
Singer, Bryan F; Bubula, Nancy; Li, Dongdong et al. (2016) Drug-Paired Contextual Stimuli Increase Dendritic Spine Dynamics in Select Nucleus Accumbens Neurons. Neuropsychopharmacology 41:2178-87
Singer, B F; Forneris, J; Vezina, P (2014) Inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in the nucleus accumbens enhances the expression of amphetamine-induced locomotor conditioning. Behav Brain Res 275:96-100
Singer, Bryan F; Neugebauer, Nichole M; Forneris, Justin et al. (2014) Locomotor conditioning by amphetamine requires cyclin-dependent kinase 5 signaling in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology 85:243-52
Singer, B F; Scott-Railton, J; Vezina, P (2012) Unpredictable saccharin reinforcement enhances locomotor responding to amphetamine. Behav Brain Res 226:340-4
Singer, B F; Loweth, J A; Neve, R L et al. (2010) Transient viral-mediated overexpression of alpha-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the nucleus accumbens shell leads to long-lasting functional upregulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate receptors: dopamine type Eur J Neurosci 31:1243-51