Based on my overarching career goal of becoming a clinical scientist in an academic setting with a program of work focused on understanding the range of emotional reactions associated with traumatic events and their affect on both natural and facilitated recovery from posttraumatic stress reactions, I am seeking training in 1) the use of sophisticated methodological and analytic techniques involving trauma-relevant laboratory elicitation and assessment of emotion;2) the use of experimental psychopathology methods to understand posttraumatic sequelae, including PTSD;and 3) the application of this evidence to the development and refinement of both treatment and prevention programs targeting problematic posttraumatic outcomes. The proposed laboratory-based study represents a key step in the service of these aims by providing a rich context for me to examine mechanisms that can inform the development of tailored, evidence-based interventions. As such, the proposed study utilizes sophisticated laboratory-based procedures to compare rates of decline in the emotional reactivity of disgust and fear in response to repeated exposure to sexual assault-related cues. Specifically, 92 sexually assaulted women will complete a laboratory-based assessment of disgust- and fear-based emotional reactivity in response to repeated exposures to an individualized script-driven imagery procedure. Change in emotional reactivity will be measured following exposure to disgust- and fear- focused sexual assault scripts as well as neutral scripts (control groups). Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups (2 experimental, 2 control) where they will receive repeated exposure to disgust-focused and fear-focused sexual assault scripts (experimental groups) or neutral scripts (control groups). Specific study hypotheses are as follows: 1) overall, repeated exposure to sexual assault cues will result in less extinction of disgust-based reactivity compared to fear-based reactivity, 2) repeated exposure to disgust-focused sexual assault cues, compared to exposure to fear-focused cues, will result in greater extinction of disgust-based reactivity, and 3) Repeated exposure to fear-focused sexual assault cues, compared to exposure to disgust- focused cues, will result in greater extinction of fear-based reactivity. Exposure-based procedures are integrated into the most well-established prevention programs and treatments for posttraumatic stress resulting from sexual assault, yet a significant minority of people receiving such interventions do not appear to benefit and people responding well to interventions commonly report residual symptoms . Accordingly, this project aims to understand specific processes and mechanisms that likely affect outcomes of exposure-based interventions to advance efforts to further alleviate the extensive public health burden introduced by PTSD.

Public Health Relevance

While leading scholars in the area of sexual assault have long suggested that emotions other than fear are likely to be impact interventions for posttraumatic problems, the current project incorporates one of the first controlled laboratory investigations of this hypothesis by investigating the effects of exposure to sexual assault- relevant cues on disgust- and fear-based reactivity. Findings from this study will lay the foundation for an investigation of effects of specifically targeting disgust-based reactivity in the treatment of sexual assault- related PTSD. This project is both significant and clinically important in that it seeks to better understand specific processes and mechanisms that likely affect outcomes of exposure-based interventions in an effort to enhance interventions designed to alleviate the extensive public health burden introduced by PTSD.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Predoctoral Individual National Research Service Award (F31)
Project #
1F31MH092994-01
Application #
8057570
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-F12B-S (20))
Program Officer
Rubio, Mercedes
Project Start
2011-01-01
Project End
2012-12-31
Budget Start
2011-01-01
Budget End
2011-12-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$29,953
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Arkansas at Fayetteville
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
191429745
City
Fayetteville
State
AR
Country
United States
Zip Code
72701
Badour, Christal L; Feldner, Matthew T (2016) Disgust and imaginal exposure to memories of sexual trauma: Implications for the treatment of posttraumatic stress. Psychol Trauma 8:267-75
Dutton, Courtney E; Badour, Christal L; Jones, Alyssa C et al. (2016) Affective lability predicts decreased habituation in posttraumatic stress symptom responding during a single laboratory session of imaginal exposure. J Anxiety Disord 43:52-57
Badour, Christal L; Ojserkis, Rachel; McKay, Dean et al. (2014) Disgust as a unique affective predictor of mental contamination following sexual trauma. J Anxiety Disord 28:704-11
Badour, Christal L; Feldner, Matthew T (2013) Trauma-related reactivity and regulation of emotion: associations with posttraumatic stress symptoms. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 44:69-76
Badour, Christal L; Feldner, Matthew T; Babson, Kimberly A et al. (2013) Disgust, mental contamination, and posttraumatic stress: unique relations following sexual versus non-sexual assault. J Anxiety Disord 27:155-62
Badour, Christal L; Feldner, Matthew T; Blumenthal, Heidemarie et al. (2013) Preliminary evidence for a unique role of disgust-based conditioning in posttraumatic stress. J Trauma Stress 26:280-7
Badour, Christal L; Feldner, Matthew T; Blumenthal, Heidemarie et al. (2013) Examination of Increased Mental Contamination as a Potential Mechanism in the Association Between Disgust Sensitivity and Sexual Assault-Related Posttraumatic Stress. Cognit Ther Res 37:697-703
Babson, Kimberly A; Badour, Christal L; Feldner, Matthew T et al. (2012) The relationship of sleep quality and PTSD to anxious reactivity from idiographic traumatic event script-driven imagery. J Trauma Stress 25:503-10
Badour, Christal L; Blonigen, Daniel M; Boden, Matthew Tyler et al. (2012) A longitudinal test of the bi-directional relations between avoidance coping and PTSD severity during and after PTSD treatment. Behav Res Ther 50:610-6
Badour, Christal L; Bown, Stephanie; Adams, Thomas G et al. (2012) Specificity of fear and disgust experienced during traumatic interpersonal victimization in predicting posttraumatic stress and contamination-based obsessive-compulsive symptoms. J Anxiety Disord 26:590-8