Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection, largely due to Proteus mirabilis. This species has the unique ability to differentiate into swarm cells that migrate across catheter surfaces and gain entry to the urinary tract, where P. mirabilis can persist despite antibiotic treatment and frequently results in formation of painful urinary stones. P. mirabilis swarming is therefore a fascinating and medically-relevant problem that has perplexed scientists since its discovery. There is a fundamental gap in understanding of the specific cues and conditions that trigger P. mirabilis swarming motility, as well as the role of swarm cells during UTI. Addressing this gap has the potential to guide design of catheters or coatings that prevent entry of P. mirabilis into the urinary tract and provide new targets for disruption of persistent and severe infections, reducing the burden of CAUTI and associated complications. The central hypothesis is that Proteus mirabilis swarm cell differentiation and swarming motility are initiated in response to specific environmental cues and influence the establishment, persistence, and severity of UTI. Guided by substantial preliminary data, this hypothesis will be tested by pursuing two specific aims: 1) Identify specific factors and conditions that trigger swarming and determine how these factors are sensed by the bacterial population, and 2) Define the role of swarm cell differentiation and swarming triggers in the persistence and severity of UTI. Under the first aim, factors that trigger swarming by the well-characterized P. mirabilis strain HI4320 are already being identified by the candidate, based on the ability to promote swarming under normally non-permissive conditions. Media formulations in which carbon source, nitrogen source, and pH are varied are being used to determine the optimal conditions and minimal requirements for initiation of swarming motility. A transposon library has also been created and will be screened to identify mutants that have lost the ability to swarm in response to triggers, allowing for identification of genes and pathways involved in sensing and responding to the triggers. Under the second aim, the established CBA/J model of ascending UTI and biophotonic imaging will be utilized to determine the frequency and distribution of swarm cells during UTI. The contribution of swarm cells and swarming triggers to the establishment, persistence, and severity of UTI will also be addressed using the CBA/J model and mutants constructed in the first aim. The proposed research is significant because it will provide insight into how bacteria decide to perform coordinated multicellular functions, both on an agar surface and during infection of a host. This research will also contribute to a general understanding of how bacteria sense and interact with their environment, and how bacterial metabolism impacts pathogenesis. Ultimately, such knowledge has the potential to inform catheter design and therapeutic strategies for reducing the burden of CAUTI.

Public Health Relevance

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are the most common hospital-acquired infections and are largely caused by Proteus mirabilis. Once in the urinary tract, P. mirabilis can persist despite extensive antibiotic treatment and catheter changes and frequently results in the formation of painful urinary stones, demonstrating the importance of approaches that prevent initial migration of P. mirabilis from the catheter surface to the urinary tract. Understanding the conditions that allow for migration and defining the role o this unique form of motility in the establishment, persistence, and severity of urinary tract infection has the potential to guide catheter design and provide new targets for therapeutic intervention in CAUTI.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Postdoctoral Individual National Research Service Award (F32)
Project #
1F32AI102552-01
Application #
8395251
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-F13-C (20))
Program Officer
Korpela, Jukka K
Project Start
2012-06-01
Project End
2015-05-31
Budget Start
2012-06-01
Budget End
2013-05-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$49,214
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Michigan Ann Arbor
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
073133571
City
Ann Arbor
State
MI
Country
United States
Zip Code
48109
Armbruster, Chelsie E; Prenovost, Katherine; Mobley, Harry L T et al. (2017) How Often Do Clinically Diagnosed Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Nursing Homes Meet Standardized Criteria? J Am Geriatr Soc 65:395-401
Armbruster, Chelsie E; Smith, Sara N; Johnson, Alexandra O et al. (2017) The Pathogenic Potential of Proteus mirabilis Is Enhanced by Other Uropathogens during Polymicrobial Urinary Tract Infection. Infect Immun 85:
Armbruster, Chelsie E; Smith, Sara N; Yep, Alejandra et al. (2014) Increased incidence of urolithiasis and bacteremia during Proteus mirabilis and Providencia stuartii coinfection due to synergistic induction of urease activity. J Infect Dis 209:1524-32
Armbruster, Chelsie E; Hodges, Steven A; Smith, Sara N et al. (2014) Arginine promotes Proteus mirabilis motility and fitness by contributing to conservation of the proton gradient and proton motive force. Microbiologyopen 3:630-41
Armbruster, Chelsie E; Hodges, Steven A; Mobley, Harry L T (2013) Initiation of swarming motility by Proteus mirabilis occurs in response to specific cues present in urine and requires excess L-glutamine. J Bacteriol 195:1305-19
Armbruster, Chelsie E; Mobley, Harry L T (2012) Merging mythology and morphology: the multifaceted lifestyle of Proteus mirabilis. Nat Rev Microbiol 10:743-54