The microorganisms of the human intestinal tract-known as the 'microbiota'-represent a dynamic and diverse community made up of over 500 species and 100 trillion cells. Advancements in genomics over the last decade have greatly facilitated the characterization of this complex multi-species symbiont. It has been found that phylum-level compositional shifts in the microbiota, which can be induced by environmental, host and bacterial factors, correlate with and promote human disease. The next frontier in this research field is to understand how potentially deleterious shifts in the microbiota occur and how such shifts might be corrected to treat disease. Herein I describe a systems biology approach to identify molecular and cellular determinants of microbiota robustness (resistance to perturbation) and resilience (recovery from perturbation). The overarching hypothesis guiding my research plan is that both bacteria and host-derived properties contribute to the compositional integrity of the microbiota. To address this hypothesis, I will employ a gnotobiotic zebrafish host model system that is amenable to high-throughput and real time investigation of host-associated microbial community dynamics.
AIM 1 of my proposal will identify bacterial genes within a natural zebrafish bacterial isolate required to resist the colonization of an invasive species.
AIM 2 will address the consequences of temporary host immunosuppression on the diversity and function of the microbiota. And in AIM 3 I will investigate the role of specie extinction events, which can be a consequence of antibiotic use, on the composition and function of the microbiota. Observations made during this work will inform the design of more effective probiotic and therapeutic regimes for treating diseases associated with pathogenic alterations of the microbiota.
The composition and functional properties of an individual's microbiota can influence their predisposition to a variety of disorders, including obesity, diabetes, colon cancer and intestinal bowel disease. The goal of my research is to identify bacterial and host factors that underlie the ability of the microbiota to resist and recover from perturbation. This work will inform the design of therapeutic interventions aimed at treating disease through manipulation of the microbiota.
| Schlomann, Brandon H; Wiles, Travis J; Wall, Elena S et al. (2018) Bacterial Cohesion Predicts Spatial Distribution in the Larval Zebrafish Intestine. Biophys J 115:2271-2277 |
| Wiles, Travis J; Wall, Elena S; Schlomann, Brandon H et al. (2018) Modernized Tools for Streamlined Genetic Manipulation and Comparative Study of Wild and Diverse Proteobacterial Lineages. MBio 9: |
| Wiles, Travis J; Jemielita, Matthew; Baker, Ryan P et al. (2016) Host Gut Motility Promotes Competitive Exclusion within a Model Intestinal Microbiota. PLoS Biol 14:e1002517 |
| Stephens, W Zac; Wiles, Travis J; Martinez, Emily S et al. (2015) Identification of Population Bottlenecks and Colonization Factors during Assembly of Bacterial Communities within the Zebrafish Intestine. MBio 6:e01163-15 |
