Melanoma has the fastest growing incidence and mortality rates compared to any other type of cancer (5, 6). Current treatment for all stages of melanoma includes surgery with margins of the primary lesions assessed via visual inspection and post-operative histopathology. However, controversy still exists on the width of the surgical margins needed to eliminate local reoccurrence and/or in-transit metastases (3, 12, 13), conditions that have severe consequences for patients. In addition, post-operative assessment of tumor-free margins, achieved via histopathology, has significant limitations, including 1. It is subjective, 2. Surveillance of the margins is performed on just a small portion of the excision, and 3. The time between surgery and feedback on its success (i.e., confirmation of negative margins) can take days. Optical high-resolution, 3D, molecular imaging provides a means by which margins can be assessed quantitatively, non-invasively, and in real time. To this end, this proposal focuses on a multi-modality optical approach to assess melanoma tumor margins based on quantitative molecular and structural surrogate biomarkers. Two molecular imaging methods will be used. The first is pump-probe microscopy, a nonlinear optical method that achieves quantitative molecular contrast of pigments, including eumelanin and phoemelanin (12). This method is uniquely suited for diagnosing melanoma since eu- and pheo-melanin play an important role in the malignant progression of this disease (12). The second method, pump-probe nonlinear phase dispersion spectroscopy (PP-NLDS), yields complementary information by probing phase changes resulting from cross phase modulation, a ubiquitous effect that provides structural information (35, 36), and molecular reorientation effects (i.e., optical Kerr effect), which provides sensitivity to the diffusive properties of aqueous environments (20, 32). Additional structural information will be obtained from multiphoton autofluorescence, second harmonic generation, and optical coherence microscopy (OCM).
The first aim of the proposal is to develop a combined, multi-modality system. The strategy is to modify an existing custom-built microscope to incorporate PP-NLDS and OCM, both detected with the same instrumentation.
Aim 2 will focus on developing proper criteria for margin assessment using a human grafted skin mouse model. We expect that lesions with positive margins will contain a combination of markers including a shift toward eumlanic pigment, dermal microsatellite, disorganized tissue architecture, differences in intracellular environments, and enlarged cell nuclei.
Aim 3 will validate the approach using human specimens from cadavers and patients undergoing surgery. All imaging results will be correlated with histopathology to validate the approach. Successful completion of this work will pave the way for an instrument that provides quantitative biomarkers to assess melanoma tumor margins, thereby improving the chances of surgical success in the first excision and in a timely manner, without altering accepted clinical paradigms.
We propose to develop and apply a multi-modality, optical imaging system for melanoma margin assessment. The approach combines established and novel molecular methods as well as structural optical imaging techniques to provide quantitative surrogate biomarkers of disease. This work has the potential to provide more efficient and complete melanoma tumor removal in the first surgical procedure, thus driving down cost and improving patient healthcare.
| Robles, Francisco E; Deb, Sanghamitra; Fischer, Martin C et al. (2017) Label-Free Imaging of Female Genital Tract Melanocytic Lesions With Pump-Probe Microscopy: A Promising Diagnostic Tool. J Low Genit Tract Dis 21:137-144 |
| Wilson, Jesse W; Robles, Francisco E; Deb, Sanghamitra et al. (2017) Comparison of pump-probe and hyperspectral imaging in unstained histology sections of pigmented lesions. Biomed Opt Express 8:3882-3890 |
| Robles, Francisco E; Zhou, Kevin C; Fischer, Martin C et al. (2017) Stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. Optica 4:243-246 |
| Thompson, Andrew; Robles, Francisco E; Wilson, Jesse W et al. (2016) Dual-wavelength pump-probe microscopy analysis of melanin composition. Sci Rep 6:36871 |
| Fischer, Martin C; Wilson, Jesse W; Robles, Francisco E et al. (2016) Invited Review Article: Pump-probe microscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 87:031101 |
| Robles, Francisco E; Fischer, Martin C; Warren, Warren S (2016) Dispersion-based stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy, holography, and optical coherence tomography. Opt Express 24:485-98 |
| Robles, Francisco E; Deb, Sanghamitra; Wilson, Jesse W et al. (2015) Pump-probe imaging of pigmented cutaneous melanoma primary lesions gives insight into metastatic potential. Biomed Opt Express 6:3631-45 |
| Robles, Francisco E; Fischer, Martin C; Warren, Warren S (2014) Femtosecond pulse shaping enables detection of optical Kerr-effect (OKE) dynamics for molecular imaging. Opt Lett 39:4788-91 |
