In general, conscious perception of sensory stimuli depends on a pathway to neocortex, and in all modalities except for olfaction, this requires going through the thalamus. Careful anatomical studies have found that in olfaction, the pathway between olfactory cortex and prefrontal cortex is mostly direct, with only a small contingent of fibers going to mediodorsal thalamus. This fundamental difference in the structural organization of the olfactory system indicates a qualitatively different role for the thalamus in olfactory processing. The goal of this proposal is to elucidate that role.
In Aim 1, I will use fMRI to characterize the nature of intentional modulation of activity in the thalamus. By systematically altering attention to different odors, I will test the hypothesis that distributed codes of odor quality are attention dependent in the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, while they are attention independent in primary olfactory cortex.
In Aim 2, I will use fMRI to Using hierarchical cluster analysis and a general linear model approach to data analysis, I will be able to distinguish between olfactory brain regions that are involved in basic sensory processing, accumulation of information and moment of recognition during odor valence decisions and quality recognition.
In Aim 3, I will use fMRI to ask whether the mediodorsal thalamus integrates information from multiple modalities during olfactory decisions. During scanning, subjects will smell odors that are either presented alone or paired with stimuli from other modalities, enabling us to test for multimodal olfactory response profiles in the mediodorsal thalamus.

Public Health Relevance

Understanding the functional organization of the olfactory system has numerous potential health benefits. For one, olfactory structures overlap with brain areas that are affected by many common diseases including Alzeimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. The mediodorsal thalamus, which is the main focus of this proposal, has been implicated in all of the aforementioned diseases. Increased knowledge of the role of the mediodorsal thalamus in olfactory processing will increase our knowledge of the diseases that affect it.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
Type
Postdoctoral Individual National Research Service Award (F32)
Project #
5F32DC010530-03
Application #
8246498
Study Section
Communication Disorders Review Committee (CDRC)
Program Officer
Sklare, Dan
Project Start
2010-04-01
Project End
2012-11-30
Budget Start
2012-04-01
Budget End
2012-11-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$41,106
Indirect Cost
Name
Northwestern University at Chicago
Department
Neurology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
005436803
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60611
Zelano, Christina; Mohanty, Aprajita; Gottfried, Jay A (2011) Olfactory predictive codes and stimulus templates in piriform cortex. Neuron 72:178-87
Gottfried, Jay A; Zelano, Christina (2011) The value of identity: olfactory notes on orbitofrontal cortex function. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1239:138-48