This research aims to explain persistent and gendered socioeconomic differentials in U.S. contraceptive sterilization, gaining fresh insights by considering U.S. sterilization patterns in comparative context. The first research aim will examine the place of contraceptive sterilization, and its links with socioeconomic status, in the U.S. and other low-fertility countries which gathered data on contraceptive use as part of the Generations and Gender Programme (GGP);Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Georgia, Germany, Romania, and Russia. The goal is to determine whether the negative socioeconomic gradient in female sterilization and the positive socioeconomic gradient in male sterilization are specific to the U.S. context, or general phenomena of low-fertility countries. Th second research aim will examine if observed associations between contraceptive sterilization and socioeconomic status can be explained by socioeconomic differentials in demographic background factors, and union stability. For example, does a disproportionate reliance on contraceptive sterilization among disadvantaged women appear to be primarily an artifact of an accelerated childbearing schedule, higher achieved parity, and less stable union histories? In addition, we will consider if these individual correlates of contraceptive sterilization operate ina similar fashion for women versus men, and across low-fertility countries. The third research aim will examine if differentials in partners'socioeconomic resources are associated with decisions regarding contraceptive sterilization at the couple-level, net of other background factors. Decisions regarding sterilization are most commonly made within the context of an individual couple relationship, and are likely to be affected by resource-based power differentials between partners. We will examine whether sterilization should be considered a sign of control, or lack of control, over one's fertility within the couple in the U.S., and in other low-fertility countries. Multinomial logistic regression, event history analysis, and diagonal reference models will be used to analyze the secondary data of the first wave of the Generations and Gender Programme (2004-10) and the 2006-10 National Survey of Family Growth. Results of the proposed research will have important implications for reproductive health policy, as they will provide crucial input to understanding the persistent and gendered differentials in U.S. contraceptive sterilization, informing general policies and family planning programs addressing these differentials.

Public Health Relevance

Sterilization has been the most prevalent method of contraception in the U.S. for decades, yet continues to be characterized by persistent and gendered socioeconomic differentials. By adopting a comparative and couple perspective, this research will provide crucial input to understanding and addressing these strong inequalities in American reproductive health, which are commonly recognized, but poorly understood.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Postdoctoral Individual National Research Service Award (F32)
Project #
1F32HD078037-01
Application #
8594015
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-F16-L (20))
Program Officer
King, Rosalind B
Project Start
2013-09-01
Project End
2016-08-31
Budget Start
2013-09-01
Budget End
2014-08-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$49,493
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Los Angeles
Department
Type
Organized Research Units
DUNS #
092530369
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
90095
Eeckhaut, Mieke C W; Sweeney, Megan M (2018) Understanding Sterilization Regret in the United States: The Role of Relationship Context. J Marriage Fam 80:1259-1270
Eeckhaut, Mieke C W; Sweeney, Megan M; Feng, Lei (2018) Desire for Sterilization Reversal Among U.S. Females: Increasing Inequalities by Educational Level. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 50:139-145
Eeckhaut, Mieke C W (2017) Contraceptive Sterilization: Introducing A Couple Perspective to Examine Sociodemographic Differences in Use. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 49:173-180
Eeckhaut, Mieke C W; Sweeney, Megan M (2016) The perplexing links between contraceptive sterilization and (dis)advantage in ten low-fertility countries. Popul Stud (Camb) 70:39-58
Eeckhaut, Mieke Carine Wim (2015) Marital status and female and male contraceptive sterilization in the United States. Fertil Steril 103:1509-15
Eeckhaut, Mieke C W; Sweeney, Megan M; Gipson, Jessica D (2014) Who is using long-acting reversible contraceptive methods? Findings from nine low-fertility countries. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 46:149-55