Gait dysfunction is one of the most common causes of mobility disability and restricted independence after stroke. Rehabilitation often aims to improve mobility by ?teaching? people with stroke new walking patterns. Accordingly, recent rehabilitation research has developed innovative ways to teach new walking patterns. But this is only one piece of the puzzle ? after the patient acquires the new pattern, it is critical that we understand how best to deliver therapy so that the improvement lasts over time. Here, we will develop a new approach that leverages two different motor learning mechanisms and non-invasive brain stimulation, to drive longer-lasting improvements in walking after stroke. Split-belt treadmill walking has shown considerable potential for improving certain features of walking after stroke; however, this approach is limited by the relatively short-lived effects of this adaptation-based therapy. Reinforcement learning forms new movement patterns slowly, but these new patterns are more durable and resistant to decay.
In Aim 1, we strive to prolong the positive effects of split-belt treadmill walking by improving the transfer to over ground walking. We will use a split-belt treadmill to drive the patient to acquire the desired walking pattern and then reinforce the improved pattern over ground using real-time biofeedback.
In Aim 2, we will fortify the effect of this reinforcing feedback using non-invasive brain stimulation to facilitate even longer-lasting learning. The findings of this proposal will make two considerable contributions to gait rehabilitation after stroke: we will 1) offer a new approach where multiple motor learning mechanisms are used in combination to drive long-lasting improvements in walking after stroke, and 2) develop a new protocol for using non-invasive brain stimulation that can be applied easily in the clinic to extend the positive effects of post-stroke gait rehabilitation. These findings will also have broader impact by revealing how multiple motor learning mechanisms work together to drive changes in movement and how non-invasive brain stimulation can influence motor learning.

Public Health Relevance

The first goal of this proposal is to investigate how adaptation and reinforcement learning mechanisms can be used in combination to improve walking in people with stroke. The second goal is to determine whether non-invasive brain stimulation during reinforcement learning can be used to further augment these effects. This strategy may lead to greater and longer-lasting improvements in walking and change the way we approach gait rehabilitation for people with stroke.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Postdoctoral Individual National Research Service Award (F32)
Project #
5F32HD096775-02
Application #
9819685
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Nitkin, Ralph M
Project Start
2018-08-17
Project End
2020-08-16
Budget Start
2019-08-17
Budget End
2020-08-16
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2019
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Physical Medicine & Rehab
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21205