Startle reflexes, like most motor behaviors, can be kinematically modulated in response to environmental conditions. While this modulation is disrupted in a variety of neurological disorders, the genetic bases for these disruptions in vertebrates remain poorly understood. I will focus on a gene (spaced out) isolated from a genetic screen for locomotor defects, which is specifically required for startle reflex modulation. When this gene is disrupted, individuals initiate an exaggerated and improperly coordinated response. I will uncover the neural and genetic regulation of the critical vertebrate startle response circuitry through genetic, behavioral, cell labeling, and electrophysiological approaches in zebrafish. My three specific alms are to: 1) Identify and characterize the spaced out gene, thereby identifying a genetic regulator of the vertebrate neural circuitry controlling the startle response. These experiments will reveal the temporal and spatial requirements for this critical gene during neural development and function. 2) Determine the role of the spaced out gene in startle behavior modulation, revealing the both the range and specificity of this gene's roles in regulating neuronal populations which coordinate and modulate specific motor patterns in a variety of scenarios. These experiments will test the degree of overlap in vertebrate neural circuitry regulating distinct motor behaviors. 3) Characterize the neurons modulating startle behavior that are regulated by spaced out, detailing the neural activities and patterns of synaptic connections between neural components of startle circuitry. These experiments will reveal requirements for spaced out in both the development of crucial synaptic connections and in the activity of critical neurons during startle reflexes. Completing these aims will clarify the genetic basis for the neural modulation of vertebrate startle reflex movements.

Public Health Relevance

The startle response is a rapid, whole-body reaction to a sudden potentially threatening stimulus serving to protect individuals from a dangerous situation. My work will reveal the genetic basis for how the nervous system controls this protective behavior, and more generally how the nervous system controls coordinated movement. Understanding how these circuits work and are controlled will lead to a clearer treatment path for neurological disorders or severe nerve injuries resulting in loss of coordination.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Postdoctoral Individual National Research Service Award (F32)
Project #
5F32NS065637-02
Application #
8122290
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-F02B-Y (20))
Program Officer
Gnadt, James W
Project Start
2010-08-01
Project End
2012-07-31
Budget Start
2011-08-01
Budget End
2012-07-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$52,904
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pennsylvania
Department
Anatomy/Cell Biology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
042250712
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19104
Jain, Roshan A; Wolman, Marc A; Marsden, Kurt C et al. (2018) A Forward Genetic Screen in Zebrafish Identifies the G-Protein-Coupled Receptor CaSR as a Modulator of Sensorimotor Decision Making. Curr Biol 28:1357-1369.e5
Jain, Roshan A; Bell, Hannah; Lim, Amy et al. (2014) Mirror movement-like defects in startle behavior of zebrafish dcc mutants are caused by aberrant midline guidance of identified descending hindbrain neurons. J Neurosci 34:2898-909
Lakhina, Vanisha; Marcaccio, Christina L; Shao, Xin et al. (2012) Netrin/DCC signaling guides olfactory sensory axons to their correct location in the olfactory bulb. J Neurosci 32:4440-56
Jain, Roshan A; Wolman, Marc A; Schmidt, Lauren A et al. (2011) Molecular-genetic mapping of zebrafish mutants with variable phenotypic penetrance. PLoS One 6:e26510