The objective of this NIDDK K01 award is to allow the Candidate to develop a career as an independent, translational investigator in the field of energy metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics, through a combination of academic coursework, hands-on training, focused conferences, and implementation of the proposed research project. Specifically, the Candidate will complete several courses on cellular and mitochondrial physiology, bio-imaging (spectroscopy), statistics and bioethics, and will visit the laboratories of two co-mentors in order to apply the academic knowledge to research situations. Under the supervision of the on-site primary and co-mentors, the Candidate will utilize these skills and knowledge to carry out the research objectives of the K01 proposal. In this proposal, the Candidate will utilize a funded study (""""""""Fat Cell Size, Overfeeding &Ectopic Fat"""""""";Funding: R01-DK060412-06A1;PI: Ravussin, E) to investigate adaptive thermogenesis in response to 8 weeks of 140% overfeeding in 40 young, healthy males and females. Adaptive thermogenesis is defined as the increase in basal energy expenditure with overfeeding beyond that which is expected based on changes in body mass and composition. Previous overfeeding studies have demonstrated different levels of adaptive thermogenesis, from zero adaptation to significant (>50% of excess energy) adaptation (presented as average adaptation across participants). Additionally, these studies show significant variability in weight gain among subjects, even when the excess calorie burden is equal. Surprisingly few studies have investigated the variability in adaptive thermogenesis in relation to weight gain with overfeeding. We will investigate this relationship in the K01 proposal. Furthermore, we will investigate mechanisms underlying adaptive thermogenesis by measuring mitochondrial bioenergetics (function) before and after overeating, using a novel combination of in vivo spectroscopy and in vitro respiration. Specifically, we will measure changes in mitochondrial uncoupling and resting ATP synthesis (cellular energy demand). Results from this study will fill a critical void in the literature by addressing the question whether adaptive thermogenesis with overfeeding is due to increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling, increased cellular energy demand or both. Further studies will investigate the mechanisms responsible for uncoupling and/or increased energy demand, which in the long term, may be important pharmacological targets for energy balance and body weight regulation.

Public Health Relevance

Project Narrative Obesity is on the rise in the United States and worldwide. Weight gain leading to obesity occurs secondarily to positive energy balance, i.e. calorie intake exceeds calorie expenditure. Small differences in energy expenditure may have significant effects on body weight regulation over time. Adaptive thermogenesis with excess calories (overfeeding), or the ability to increase energy expenditure at rest out of proportion to the increase in body size, may be an important mechanism by which excess energy is dissipated to regulate body weight. However, the contribution of adaptive thermogenesis to weight gain with overfeeding is unclear. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying adaptive thermogenesis, including skeletal muscle bioenergetics, are presently unknown.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Scientist Development Award - Research & Training (K01)
Project #
5K01DK089005-05
Application #
8702156
Study Section
Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases B Subcommittee (DDK)
Program Officer
Podskalny, Judith M,
Project Start
2010-07-01
Project End
2015-06-30
Budget Start
2014-07-01
Budget End
2015-06-30
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$114,991
Indirect Cost
$8,518
Name
Lsu Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Department
Type
Organized Research Units
DUNS #
611012324
City
Baton Rouge
State
LA
Country
United States
Zip Code
70808
Toledo, Frederico G S; Johannsen, Darcy L; Covington, Jeffrey D et al. (2018) Impact of prolonged overfeeding on skeletal muscle mitochondria in healthy individuals. Diabetologia 61:466-475
Covington, Jeffrey D; Johannsen, Darcy L; Coen, Paul M et al. (2017) Intramyocellular Lipid Droplet Size Rather Than Total Lipid Content is Related to Insulin Sensitivity After 8 Weeks of Overfeeding. Obesity (Silver Spring) 25:2079-2087
Covington, J D; Bray, G A; Redman, L M et al. (2015) Eight weeks of dietary overfeeding increases renal filtration rates in humans: implications for the pathogenesis of diabetic hyperfiltration. J Intern Med 278:396-400
Johannsen, Darcy L; Tchoukalova, Yourka; Tam, Charmaine S et al. (2014) Effect of 8 weeks of overfeeding on ectopic fat deposition and insulin sensitivity: testing the ""adipose tissue expandability"" hypothesis. Diabetes Care 37:2789-97
Knuth, Nicolas D; Johannsen, Darcy L; Tamboli, Robyn A et al. (2014) Metabolic adaptation following massive weight loss is related to the degree of energy imbalance and changes in circulating leptin. Obesity (Silver Spring) 22:2563-9
Tam, Charmaine S; Covington, Jeffrey D; Bajpeyi, Sudip et al. (2014) Weight gain reveals dramatic increases in skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodeling. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:1749-57
Gupta, Alok K; Johnson, William D; Johannsen, Darcy et al. (2013) Cardiovascular risk escalation with caloric excess: a prospective demonstration of the mechanics in healthy adults. Cardiovasc Diabetol 12:23
Johannsen, Darcy L; Galgani, Jose E; Johannsen, Neil M et al. (2012) Effect of short-term thyroxine administration on energy metabolism and mitochondrial efficiency in humans. PLoS One 7:e40837
Peterson, Courtney M; Johannsen, Darcy L; Ravussin, Eric (2012) Skeletal muscle mitochondria and aging: a review. J Aging Res 2012:194821
Johannsen, Darcy L; Knuth, Nicolas D; Huizenga, Robert et al. (2012) Metabolic slowing with massive weight loss despite preservation of fat-free mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:2489-96

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