The amino acid transmitter GABA exerts a dual action across the life span. Acting via the GABA-A receptor, GABA is a major source of neuronal excitation in immature and developing neurons. But in mature neurons, GABA is the predominant mediator of synaptic inhibition. Divergence in GABA action in the male versus female brain during neonatal development has recently been identified as a critical junction in sexual differentiation. The current proposal extends these findings to include a role for GABA in prenatal brain damage, increasing the risk of disabilities associated with cognition and affect. Males suffer worse outcomes following neonatal brain damage, and hormonal modulation of GABA action may be a contributing variable to this increased susceptibility. Preterm human infants are at high risk for brain injury resulting from trauma related to pregnancy or birth (e.g. pre-eclampsia, strangulation by the umbilical cord) or neurotrauma within the fetus itself (e.g. stroke, seizures). Often following these events there is an increase in extracellular levels of GABA. This proposal investigates the novel hypothesis that exogenous muscimol, a selective GABA-A receptor agonist, induces damage in the newborn rat hippocampus, and may serve as a model of preterm human infant brain damage. In immature neurons, opening GABA-A receptors causes chloride efflux, resulting in membrane depolarization and opening of calcium channels, thereby increasing intracellular calcium. While the effect of GABA receptor activation and endogenous calcium influx during development are generally considered to be trophic, excessive calcium influx is an integral component of brain injury. The current proposal focuses on characterizing the effect of estradiol pretreatment on calcium influx following GABA receptor activation in Specific Aim 1, determining the effect of estradiol and muscimol on the developmental change in the reversal potential for chloride in Specific Aim 2, documenting the effect of an estradiol isomer that binds with low affinity to the estrogen receptor on muscimol-induced hippocampal damage in Specific Aim 3, and investigating alternative models of preterm infant brain injury in the baboon and rat in Specific Aim 4. My long-term career goals are to become an independent scientist at a major research-oriented academic institution, and to make important contributions to the field of pediatric neurology. I intend to pursue this research in a laboratory of my own.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Scientist Development Award - Research & Training (K01)
Project #
5K01MH068347-04
Application #
7215574
Study Section
Neurotransporters, Receptors, and Calcium Signaling Study Section (NTRC)
Program Officer
Desmond, Nancy L
Project Start
2005-04-01
Project End
2009-03-31
Budget Start
2007-04-01
Budget End
2008-03-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2007
Total Cost
$141,004
Indirect Cost
Name
Michigan State University
Department
Neurosciences
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
193247145
City
East Lansing
State
MI
Country
United States
Zip Code
48824
Soellner, Deborah E; Grandys, Theresa; Nuñez, Joseph L (2009) Chronic prenatal caffeine exposure impairs novel object recognition and radial arm maze behaviors in adult rats. Behav Brain Res 205:191-9
Nuñez, J L; McCarthy, M M (2009) Resting intracellular calcium concentration, depolarizing Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and possible role of local estradiol synthesis in the developing male and female hippocampus. Neuroscience 158:623-34
Zhou, Xianju; Moon, Changjong; Zheng, Fei et al. (2009) N-methyl-D-aspartate-stimulated ERK1/2 signaling and the transcriptional up-regulation of plasticity-related genes are developmentally regulated following in vitro neuronal maturation. J Neurosci Res 87:2632-44
Nunez, Joseph L; Aberdeen, Graham W; Albrecht, Eugene D et al. (2008) Impact of estradiol on gamma-aminobutyric acid- and glutamate-mediated calcium responses of fetal baboon (Papio anubis) hippocampal and cortical neurons. Endocrinology 149:6433-43
McClean, Jacob; Nunez, Joseph L (2008) 17alpha-Estradiol is neuroprotective in male and female rats in a model of early brain injury. Exp Neurol 210:41-50
Rothstein, S; Simkins, T; Nunez, J L (2008) Response to neonatal anesthesia: effect of sex on anatomical and behavioral outcome. Neuroscience 152:959-69
Zheng, Fei; Soellner, Deborah; Nunez, Joseph et al. (2008) The basal level of intracellular calcium gates the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signaling by brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cortical neurons. J Neurochem 106:1259-74
Nunez, Joseph L; McCarthy, Margaret M (2008) Androgens predispose males to GABAA-mediated excitotoxicity in the developing hippocampus. Exp Neurol 210:699-708
Nunez, Joseph L; McCarthy, Margaret M (2007) Evidence for an extended duration of GABA-mediated excitation in the developing male versus female hippocampus. Dev Neurobiol 67:1879-90
Nunez, Joseph; Yang, Zhengang; Jiang, Yuhui et al. (2007) 17beta-estradiol protects the neonatal brain from hypoxia-ischemia. Exp Neurol 208:269-76

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