Premature birth remains a major public health issue due to its continuing high incidence combined with the frequency of developmental impairments among surviving infants. In order to improve developmental outcomes in very preterm infants (VPT, born prior to 32 weeks' gestation), accurate and early identification of the alterations in brain development that lead to subsequent developmental impairment is required. The candidate for this K02 Independent Scientist Award is a uniquely trained pediatric neurologist who seeks to define the relationship between cerebral connectivity during infancy and childhood developmental outcomes. This project will involve a valuable, well-characterized VPT cohort (N=128) which includes high-risk children selected due to the presence of brain injury during the neonatal period. These children have undergone clinical characterization and MRI during the neonatal period and developmental assessment at age 2 years. They will now undergo standardized assessment of developmental outcomes at age 5 years. The central hypotheses are that VPT children will display a persisting range of motor and language difficulties, and that affected VPT children will display abnormalities on imaging measures obtained during infancy that predict childhood performance, both at the group and individual level, in these distinct and critical developmental domains. We propose to investigate these postulates by: 1) comprehensively evaluating childhood motor and language performance; 2) defining the relationship between alterations in domain-specific neonatal functional and structural connectivity and childhood motor and language outcomes; and 3) investigating differences in brain- wide cerebral connectivity in impaired VPT children using machine learning, pattern classification approach. The result will be characterization of the alterations in cerebral connectivity that underlie developmental disabilities in VPT children. In addition, we seek to develop highly valuable neuroimaging biomarkers that predict future motor and language impairment, enabling the provision of targeted care tailored to the needs of each individual infant. Finally, these tools will contribute to future, large-scale trials evaluating interventions designed to protect the developing brain. In pursuit of this goal, a focused career development program will complement the candidate's background in engineering and magnetic resonance methodology with training in developmental assessments and innovative image analysis approaches using applied mathematics, providing skills necessary to perform accurate longitudinal clinical research studies and develop individual prediction models. The supported activities will facilitate an NIH R-mechanism application centered upon innovative investigation of individual prediction models for developmental trajectories in VPT children during school-age, including repeat neuroimaging assessments during childhood. The culmination of these efforts will be transformative investigation that fosters improved outcomes for this high-risk population.

Public Health Relevance

Despite continued high rates of disabilities in infants born prematurely, methods for accurately identifying those that would benefit most from specific therapies or protective interventions remain limited. This study is designed to improve our understanding of the alterations in brain function and structure that produce these deficits by using novel approaches to examine how magnetic resonance imaging data predicts early childhood outcomes. The goal is to identify imaging measures which identify preterm infants at risk for particular deficits, thereby allowing institution of timely therapies specific to each chid's needs and enabling larger research trials evaluating interventions designed to improve developmental outcomes in this vulnerable group.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Scientist Development Award - Research (K02)
Project #
5K02NS089852-05
Application #
9548924
Study Section
Neurological Sciences Training Initial Review Group (NST)
Program Officer
Hartman, Adam L
Project Start
2014-09-30
Project End
2019-08-31
Budget Start
2018-09-01
Budget End
2019-08-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Washington University
Department
Neurology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
068552207
City
Saint Louis
State
MO
Country
United States
Zip Code
63130
Sylvester, Chad M; Smyser, Christopher D; Smyser, Tara et al. (2018) Cortical Functional Connectivity Evident After Birth and Behavioral Inhibition at Age 2. Am J Psychiatry 175:180-187
Lean, Rachel E; Paul, Rachel A; Smyser, Tara A et al. (2018) Social Adversity and Cognitive, Language, and Motor Development of Very Preterm Children from 2 to 5 Years of Age. J Pediatr 203:177-184.e1
Herzmann, Charlotte S; Snyder, Abraham Z; Kenley, Jeanette K et al. (2018) Cerebellar Functional Connectivity in Term- and Very Preterm-Born Infants. Cereb Cortex :
Lean, Rachel E; Paul, Rachel A; Smyser, Christopher D et al. (2018) Maternal intelligence quotient (IQ) predicts IQ and language in very preterm children at age 5 years. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 59:150-159
Matthews, Lillian G; Walsh, Brian H; Knutsen, Clare et al. (2018) Brain growth in the NICU: critical periods of tissue-specific expansion. Pediatr Res 83:976-981
Monson, Brian B; Eaton-Rosen, Zach; Kapur, Kush et al. (2018) Differential Rates of Perinatal Maturation of Human Primary and Nonprimary Auditory Cortex. eNeuro 5:
Garcia, Kara E; Robinson, Emma C; Alexopoulos, Dimitrios et al. (2018) Dynamic patterns of cortical expansion during folding of the preterm human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:3156-3161
Han, Rowland H; McKinnon, Andrew; CreveCoeur, Travis S et al. (2018) Predictors of mortality for preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage: a population-based study. Childs Nerv Syst :
Neil, Jeffrey J; Smyser, Christopher D (2018) Recent advances in the use of MRI to assess early human cortical development. J Magn Reson 293:56-69
Ortinau, Cynthia M; Mangin-Heimos, Kathryn; Moen, Joseph et al. (2018) Prenatal to postnatal trajectory of brain growth in complex congenital heart disease. Neuroimage Clin 20:913-922

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