Functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as chronic constipation, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are highly prevalent but have few definitive treatments. IBS alone affects more than 10% of the U.S. population, causing chronic abdominal pain and altered GI motility leading to debilitating diarrhea and/or constipation. Prominent sex differences have been noted in IBS; men and women often present with different symptoms and exhibit different responses to treatment. Identifying the underlying basis of these sex differences will lead to more effective and personalized treatments for IBS. The enteric nervous system (ENS), which consists of the intrinsic nerve circuits of the bowel, is essential for regulating GI motility. Cellular, molecular, or circuit-level sex differences in the ENS may underlie sex differences in IBS, but this has been not been well studied. We have evidence that dysfunction in glial cells, the non-neuronal cells of the ENS, leads to a sexually dimorphic effect on colonic motility, and that enteric glia express receptors for sex hormones. The research objectives of this project are thus to determine: (1) how ongoing exposure to gonadal sex hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, regulates colonic motility, and (2) how glia interact with intrinsic sensory neurons in the ENS to regulate colonic motility in a sex-dependent manner. Over the course of this 5 year career development award, the principal investigator will build upon her previous clinical training in gastroenterology as well as her strong research background in neuroscience, to gain new skills in studying sex differences in the ENS and adapting novel technologies to measuring neuronal activity in the bowel. These skills will be applied to a series of in vivo and ex vivo experiments in mouse genetic models, which are designed to test the hypothesis that sexual dimorphism in neuron-glia interactions within the ENS underlies sex differences in GI motility and functional disease. Successful completion of this project will shed new light on cellular mechanisms of sex differences in GI motility, and provide the principal investigator with the training and experience she needs to launch her independent research program in enteric neurobiology.

Public Health Relevance

Functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are among the most common, but least understood of all digestive disorders. Functional disorders have remarkably different symptoms and responses to treatment in men and women, but the reasons for these sex differences remain unclear. Learning how the intrinsic nerve circuits of the bowel, which are important for regulating GI motility, differ between males and females, will lead to more effective treatments for IBS and other functional GI conditions.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Clinical Investigator Award (CIA) (K08)
Project #
5K08DK110532-03
Application #
9495561
Study Section
Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases D Subcommittee (DDK)
Program Officer
Saslowsky, David E
Project Start
2016-08-29
Project End
2021-05-31
Budget Start
2018-06-01
Budget End
2019-05-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Columbia University (N.Y.)
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
621889815
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10032
Rao, Meenakshi; Gershon, Michael D (2018) Enteric nervous system development: what could possibly go wrong? Nat Rev Neurosci 19:552-565
Kulkarni, Subhash; Ganz, Julia; Bayrer, James et al. (2018) Advances in Enteric Neurobiology: The ""Brain"" in the Gut in Health and Disease. J Neurosci 38:9346-9354
Chalazonitis, Alcmène; Rao, Meenakshi (2018) Enteric nervous system manifestations of neurodegenerative disease. Brain Res 1693:207-213
Rao, Meenakshi; Rastelli, Daniella; Dong, Lauren et al. (2017) Enteric Glia Regulate Gastrointestinal Motility but Are Not Required for Maintenance of the Epithelium in Mice. Gastroenterology 153:1068-1081.e7