The overall question addressed in this grant application regards the mechanisms by which cytokine genes are activated in human alveolar macrophages (AM) during sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Endotoxin (LPS) is released during sepsis and is a potent trigger for cytokine production by macrophages, in vivo and in vitro. The importance of this is illustrated by the observations that cytokines are released during sepsis and that inhibition of cytokines prevents acute lung injury during sepsis in animal models of the disease. Studies have shown that the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is essential for release of cytokines by monocytes in response to endotoxin. No studies, however, have defined a role for other MAPK pathways in release of cytokines in response to LPS. The focus of this application is to define the role(s) of the p42/44 MAPK pathway and its interaction with the p38 MAPK pathway in regulating cytokine gene expression in human AM in response to LPS. In these studies, the applicant explores the novel observation that both the p42/44 and p38 MAPK pathways are required for optimal cytokine gene expression in human AM in response to LPS and that each of these MAPK pathways has a different effect on cytokine gene expression. More emphasis is placed on studies relating to the p42/44 kinase pathway since the relationship of this pathway to LPS-induced cytokine gene expression is less well-defined. The applicant also explores the novel observations that activation of both an oxidant signal and a phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) regulate activation of the p42/44 MAPK pathway and cytokine gene expression. These observations form the basis for studies in Aim 1.
In Aim 2, he explores novel studies that relate activation of these MAPK pathways to the generation of active transcription factors that regulate cytokine gene expression. Although the studies in this application relate, directly, to sepsis-induced acute lung injury, they are novel in that they also provide important basic clues to understand macrophage cytokine gene regulation.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Clinical Investigator Award (CIA) (K08)
Project #
5K08HL003860-05
Application #
6536525
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZHL1-CSR-Y (M2))
Program Officer
Colombini-Hatch, Sandra
Project Start
1998-07-01
Project End
2004-06-30
Budget Start
2002-07-01
Budget End
2004-06-30
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2002
Total Cost
$114,615
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Iowa
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
041294109
City
Iowa City
State
IA
Country
United States
Zip Code
52242
Carter, A Brent; Tephly, Linda A; Venkataraman, Sujatha et al. (2004) High levels of catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity dampen H2O2 signaling in human alveolar macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 31:43-53
Monick, Martha M; Yarovinsky, Timur O; Powers, Linda S et al. (2003) Respiratory syncytial virus up-regulates TLR4 and sensitizes airway epithelial cells to endotoxin. J Biol Chem 278:53035-44
Yarovinsky, Timur O; Monick, Martha M; Hunninghake, Gary W (2003) Integrin receptors are crucial for the restimulation of activated T lymphocytes. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 28:607-15
Monick, Martha M; Robeff, Pamela K; Butler, Noah S et al. (2002) Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity negatively regulates stability of cyclooxygenase 2 mRNA. J Biol Chem 277:32992-3000
Yarovinsky, T O; Hunninghake, G W (2001) Lung fibroblasts inhibit activation-induced death of T cells through PGE(2)-dependent mechanisms. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 281:L1248-56
Monick, M M; Carter, A B; Robeff, P K et al. (2001) Lipopolysaccharide activates Akt in human alveolar macrophages resulting in nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of beta-catenin. J Immunol 166:4713-20
Monick, M M; Mallampalli, R K; Carter, A B et al. (2001) Ceramide regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt activity in human alveolar macrophages. J Immunol 167:5977-85
Carter, A B; Tephly, L A; Hunninghake, G W (2001) The absence of activator protein 1-dependent gene expression in THP-1 macrophages stimulated with phorbol esters is due to lack of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. J Biol Chem 276:33826-32
Carter, A B; Hunninghake, G W (2000) A constitutive active MEK --> ERK pathway negatively regulates NF-kappa B-dependent gene expression by modulating TATA-binding protein phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 275:27858-64
Monick, M M; Carter, A B; Flaherty, D M et al. (2000) Protein kinase C zeta plays a central role in activation of the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase by endotoxin in alveolar macrophages. J Immunol 165:4632-9

Showing the most recent 10 out of 14 publications