With this project I will achieve my career goal of developing expertise in the field of developmental neuroplasticity to apply new mechanistic approaches to target aspects of brain injury and recovery not addressed by the current therapies in neonates. My rigorous mentorship, coursework and research plans are aligned to address my specific knowledge gaps to ensure my career development as an independently funded clinician-scientist within 5 years. To that end, the proposed experiments will provide the opportunity to master methods of electrophysiology and advanced neuropathology. The research plan is based on a strong scientific premise that hypoxia-ischemia (HI) brain injury after birth asphyxia persistently alters mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the neonatal brain and that therapeutic hypothermia (TH) does not fully prevent these effects explaining the persistent memory disabilities documented in pre-clinical models and human RCTs of TH. I hypothesize that delayed injury of inhibitory interneurons (INs) within the hippocampus, the prime brain region involved in memory consolidation, leads to impairment of long-term depression (LTD), an essential mechanism of synaptic plasticity. Disruption of ErbB4 expression and activation, crucial for survival and maturation of INs, may provide the mechanistic link. The research hypothesis will be tested with the following specific aims determining if: 1) the decreased number of hippocampal INs after neonatal HI alter LTD; 2) the morphology and function of surviving hippocampal INs are altered at delayed stages after HI; and 3) disruption in ErbB4 activation leads to loss and/or maturational arrest of hippocampal INs at delayed stages after HI. Here, I will use the Vannucci procedure to induce HI in p10 (full-term equivalent) C57BL6 and GAD67- EGFP transgenic mice expressing a green fluorescent tag for INs. Mice will be randomized to receive normothermia (36C) or TH (31C) for 4h. Synaptic activity will be evaluated using electrophysiology methods paired to immunostaining and advanced neuropathology methods. Additionally, modulation of the ErbB4 system in-vivo will be induced using adeno-associated virus (AAV) transfection methods. The proposed project is also highly innovative as it relates to: i) the subject of study, the neonatal brain; ii) the field of study, synaptic plasticity after injury; iii) the methodology, the systematic pairing electrophysiology and immunostaining data, and iv) the statistical plan, accounting for biological variables including sex. The results of this project and future research derived from it will translate into novel neuron-specific therapeutic targets to attenuate memory deficits after birth asphyxia. The project will be performed in a 5-year period addressing the aims sequentially. The proposed experiments and timeline are within my capabilities and the capabilities of the laboratory, animal care, and surgical facilities. Future research will include the use of novel techniques to deliver small molecules and gene therapy to the brain to modulate cell-specific pathways in a sex and time-tailored manner, which combined with TH will improve behavioral outcomes after birth asphyxia.

Public Health Relevance

Birth asphyxia is the most common cause of brain damage in full-term babies and despite treatment by decreasing brain temperature (cooling), memory impairments are still commonly diagnosed in survivors. Since connections between different healthy neurons are necessary to develop memories, we believe that one specific kind of neuron dies or stops working properly later after birth damage losing their healthy connections with other neurons and allowing for memory impairments to develop. The proposed project will study a specific protein that is essential to maintaining those kind of neurons and their connections, thus explaining the differences in the health of those neurons, when they die or stop working, and their specific effects in their connections after asphyxia may help to develop new treatments to decrease memory disabilities despite cooling in those babies who survive birth asphyxia.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Clinical Investigator Award (CIA) (K08)
Project #
5K08NS096115-02
Application #
9525430
Study Section
Neurological Sciences Training Initial Review Group (NST)
Program Officer
Koenig, James I
Project Start
2017-07-15
Project End
2022-06-30
Budget Start
2018-07-01
Budget End
2019-06-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21205
Chavez-Valdez, Raul; Emerson, Paul; Goffigan-Holmes, Janasha et al. (2018) Delayed injury of hippocampal interneurons after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia and therapeutic hypothermia in a murine model. Hippocampus 28:617-630
Salas, Jacqueline; Reddy, Nihaal; Orru, Emanuele et al. (2018) The Role of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Detecting Hippocampal Injury Following Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. J Neuroimaging :
Carrasco, Melisa; Perin, Jamie; Jennings, Jacky M et al. (2018) Cerebral Autoregulation and Conventional and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Pediatr Neurol 82:36-43
Chavez-Valdez, Raul; O'Connor, Matthew; Perin, Jamie et al. (2017) Sex-specific associations between cerebrovascular blood pressure autoregulation and cardiopulmonary injury in neonatal encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia. Pediatr Res 81:759-766
Lee, Jennifer K; Poretti, Andrea; Perin, Jamie et al. (2017) Optimizing Cerebral Autoregulation May Decrease Neonatal Regional Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Dev Neurosci 39:248-256
Lee, J K; Perin, J; Parkinson, C et al. (2017) Relationships between cerebral autoregulation and markers of kidney and liver injury in neonatal encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia. J Perinatol 37:938-942
Diaz, Johana; Abiola, Suleiman; Kim, Nancy et al. (2017) Therapeutic Hypothermia Provides Variable Protection against Behavioral Deficits after Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia: A Potential Role for Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Dev Neurosci 39:257-272