This application for the Scientist Development Award describes a comprehensive program of trailing and research in the field of HIV prevention. The goal of these efforts is (a) to facilitate the PI's transition into HIV prevention research; and (b)to evaluate the social psychological underpinnings of HIV transmission for economically disadvantaged men and women. The proposed training will develop the PI's knowledge about (a) HIV prevention research, including theoretical, and practical aspects; (b) HIV/AIDS more generally considered (i.e., its prevalence, transmission, course, treatment); (c) important characteristics of economically disadvantaged populations; and (d) special techniques to measure attitudes. The proposed research will examine the relation of HIV-relevant beliefs to behaviors that are known to be at risk for HIV infection, particularly focusing on inconsistent condom usage. A first study will concern meta-analyses of studies relating HIV-related attitudes and beliefs to risky sexual behavior. A second, original research study will test the hypothesis that feelings about condom usage (affect) predict condom usage in spontaneous situations better than do beliefs (cognition) about using condoms, whereas this relation reverses in deliberate situations. Deliberate situations are likely to include intercourse with one's regular partner, whereas spontaneous situations are likely to include intercourse with occasional partners and/or under the influence of alcohol or other drugs. Approximately too-hundred individuals will be recruited to complete baseline inventories of their knowledge about high-risk behavior, attitudes toward HIV and AIDS, social norms, and previous sexual behavior. These variables will again be assessed after a 6-week interval. More focused analyses will isolate the particular affective and cognitive attitudinal dimensions that distinguish between low- and high-risk behavior. A third study will directly examine the intervention implications of the foregoing studies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Scientist Development Award (K21)
Project #
5K21MH001377-03
Application #
2415807
Study Section
Psychobiological, Biological, and Neurosciences Subcommittee (MHAI)
Project Start
1995-09-30
Project End
2000-04-30
Budget Start
1997-05-01
Budget End
1998-04-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
1997
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Syracuse University
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
002257350
City
Syracuse
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
13244
Marsh, K L; Johnson, B T; Scott-Sheldon, L A (2001) Heart versus reason in condom use: implicit versus explicit attitudinal predictors of sexual behavior. Z Exp Psychol 48:161-75
Marsh, K L; Johnson, B T; Carey, M P (2001) Conducting meta-analyses of HIV prevention literatures from a theory-testing perspective. Eval Health Prof 24:255-76
Albarracin, D; Johnson, B T; Fishbein, M et al. (2001) Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 127:142-61
Weinhardt, L S; Carey, M P; Johnson, B T et al. (1999) Effects of HIV counseling and testing on sexual risk behavior: a meta-analytic review of published research, 1985-1997. Am J Public Health 89:1397-405
Carey, M P; Maisto, S A; Kalichman, S C et al. (1997) Enhancing motivation to reduce the risk of HIV infection for economically disadvantaged urban women. J Consult Clin Psychol 65:531-41
Kolodziej, M E; Johnson, B T (1996) Interpersonal contact and acceptance of persons with psychiatric disorders: a research synthesis. J Consult Clin Psychol 64:1387-96
Jorgensen, R S; Johnson, B T; Kolodziej, M E et al. (1996) Elevated blood pressure and personality: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull 120:293-320