An estimated 8-12 million Americans suffer from peripheral artery disease (PAD), leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Despite current available medical and surgical therapies, patients with PAD continue to be at an unacceptably high risk for cardiovascular events and death. Accordingly, interventions to improve morbidity and mortality are critical. Emerging research demonstrates the inter-related effects of inflammation, vascular function and outcomes in PAD. Lifestyle modifications, including exercise and diet, may potentially improve symptoms, as well as modulate factors that influence disease progression and long-term outcomes in these patients. Fish oil has long been recognized to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, despite recent controversy. Recent studies have emerged on the role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) present in fish oil in the termination of inflammation. This role offers new perspectives on the benefits of fish oil consumption. Furthermore, our group recently demonstrated that the omega-3 index, a measure of n-3 PUFA content in red blood cells, is inversely related to inflammation in patients with PAD, and others have shown that n-3 PUFA supplementation can improve vascular function. Hence, overall evidence suggests that fish oil could play a key role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and vascular dysfunction that characterize PAD. My long-term goal is to increase our understanding of how nutritional and lifestyle modifications can reduce the burden of disease in PAD. Accordingly, my goal with the present study is to determine if high-dose n-3 PUFA oral supplementation will improve systemic inflammation, vascular function, and the walking ability of patients with PAD. This will be evaluated using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 70 patients aged e 50 with PAD receiving 4.4 g/day of n-3 PUFA for 3 months. Specific measurements will include markers of both inflammation and termination of inflammation, measures of vascular function, and a walking test. The study proposed here has the potential to provide important new insights on the role of nutritional interventions in PAD, as well as to improve our understanding of the effects of fish oil supplementation in cardiovascular diseases. It will support the goal of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of reducing the burden of heart, lung, and blood diseases worldwide. The training plan and study protocol presented here are designed to advance my skills as an independent clinical trialist, supported by a multidisciplinary team of mentors with broad expertise in clinical trials, surgery, biostatistics, vascular biology, and molecular biology. The research will take place at the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (SFVAMC), one of the most funded and scientifically knowledgeable VA centers in the United States. Furthermore, I will have access to institutional support and resources from both the SFVAMC and UCSF. The training plan, mentorship, and scientific environment will provide me with the resources necessary for the successful completion of this project, and place me on the path to become an independent investigator and leader in my field.

Public Health Relevance

The knowledge obtained from this study could have a significant impact on optimizing medical management of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) through lifestyle modifications targeting diet. It will provide a better understanding of the effects of fish oil supplementation in PAD, exploring novel mechanisms. Overall, this study has the potential to help relieve the burden that PAD carries on the North American population.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23)
Project #
5K23HL122446-02
Application #
8842706
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZHL1-CSR-X (F1))
Program Officer
Scott, Jane
Project Start
2014-05-01
Project End
2018-04-30
Budget Start
2015-05-01
Budget End
2016-04-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$154,602
Indirect Cost
$11,452
Name
University of California San Francisco
Department
Surgery
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
094878337
City
San Francisco
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94143
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Schaller, Melinda S; Zahner, Greg J; Gasper, Warren J et al. (2017) Relationship between the omega-3 index and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in patients with peripheral arterial disease taking fish oil supplements. J Clin Lipidol 11:1289-1295
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Drudi, Laura M; Schaller, Melinda S; Hiramoto, Jade et al. (2017) Predictors of change in omega-3 index with fish oil supplementation in peripheral artery disease. J Surg Res 210:124-131
Grenon, S Marlene; Owens, Christopher D; Alley, Hugh et al. (2016) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Is Associated With Worse Endothelial Function Among Veterans. J Am Heart Assoc 5:e003010
Grenon, S Marlene; Owens, Christopher D; Nosova, Emily V et al. (2015) Short-Term, High-Dose Fish Oil Supplementation Increases the Production of Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Mediators in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (the OMEGA-PAD I Trial). J Am Heart Assoc 4:e002034

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