The goal of this five-year training award is to become a patient-oriented researcher in neuroAIDS. Training and research will include: 1) characterizing HIV neurocognitive impairment (HNCI) using calibrated blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI);2) assessing the impact of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on calibrated BOLD fMRI. This proposal will delineate associations between calibrated BOLD fMRI and surrogate cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) markers of inflammation and neuronal/glial injury. My goal is to create a non-invasive neuroimaging tool for early detection and treatment of HNCI. Training will include courses and mentoring in neurovirology, neuropsychology, and advanced fMRI methods. HNCI is characterized by impairments in episodic memory, executive dysfunction, and psychomotor slowing. Even mild HNCI interferes with activities of daily living and the ability to become fully integrated into society. The central nervous system (CNS) can serve as a protected reservoir with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) shielding HIV from immunologic and pharmacologic defenses. cART has decreased the incidence and severity of HNCI but not its prevalence. The degree of CNS penetration by cART may affect HIV reservoirs. A cross sectional project will study 20 HIV- controls and 60 HIV+ patients with a range of cognitive impairment from neurocognitively normal (NN) to mild neurocognitive disorder (MND) to HIV associated dementia (HAD). It will test whether calibrated BOLD fMRI measures of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen metabolism (CMRO2) are associated with cognitive deficits. Correlations will be performed between calibrated BOLD fMRI and CSF biomarkers of inflammation and neuronal/glial injury. The impact of cART on calibrated BOLD fMRI and CSF biomarkers will be assessed longitudinally in an additional 20 HNCI patients before and 16 weeks after starting individualized antiretroviral regimens with different degrees of CNS penetration. This study will answer the following questions: 1) Do CBF and CMRO2 responses to a standard neural activation task change with degree of HNCI? 2) Does calibrated BOLD fMRI change after initiation of cART? In particular, does better CNS penetrating cART produce greater improvements? 3) Are calibrated BOLD fMRI changes associated with pathogenic changes in CSF biomarkers of inflammation and neuronal/glial injury? At the conclusion of this five year research training the applicant will be prepared for a productive career as a R01 level patient oriented investigator in neuroAIDS.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23)
Project #
5K23MH081786-04
Application #
7872935
Study Section
NeuroAIDS and other End-Organ Diseases Study Section (NAED)
Program Officer
Stoff, David M
Project Start
2007-07-15
Project End
2012-12-31
Budget Start
2011-01-01
Budget End
2011-12-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$162,556
Indirect Cost
Name
Washington University
Department
Neurology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
068552207
City
Saint Louis
State
MO
Country
United States
Zip Code
63130
Paul, Robert; Rhee, Gina; Baker, Laurie M et al. (2017) Effort and neuropsychological performance in HIV-infected individuals on stable combination antiretroviral therapy. J Neurovirol 23:725-733
Heaps-Woodruff, J M; Wright, P W; Ances, B M et al. (2016) The impact of human immune deficiency virus and hepatitis C coinfection on white matter microstructural integrity. J Neurovirol 22:389-99
Guha, Anika; Brier, Matthew R; Ortega, Mario et al. (2016) Topographies of Cortical and Subcortical Volume Loss in HIV and Aging in the cART Era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 73:374-383
Wright, Patrick W; Pyakurel, Ashmit; Vaida, Florin F et al. (2016) Putamen volume and its clinical and neurological correlates in primary HIV infection. AIDS 30:1789-94
Behrman-Lay, Ashley M; Paul, Robert H; Heaps-Woodruff, Jodi et al. (2016) Human immunodeficiency virus has similar effects on brain volumetrics and cognition in males and females. J Neurovirol 22:93-103
Brouillette, Marie-J; Mayo, Nancy; Fellows, Lesley K et al. (2015) A better screening tool for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: is it what clinicians need? AIDS 29:895-902
Ortega, Mario; Brier, Matthew R; Ances, Beau M (2015) Effects of HIV and combination antiretroviral therapy on cortico-striatal functional connectivity. AIDS 29:703-12
Baker, Laurie M; Paul, Robert H; Heaps-Woodruff, Jodi M et al. (2015) The Effect of Central Nervous System Penetration Effectiveness of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Neuropsychological Performance and Neuroimaging in HIV Infected Individuals. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 10:487-92
Thomas, Jewell B; Brier, Matthew R; Ortega, Mario et al. (2015) Weighted brain networks in disease: centrality and entropy in human immunodeficiency virus and aging. Neurobiol Aging 36:401-12
Brier, Matthew R; Wu, Qian; Tanenbaum, Aaron B et al. (2015) Effect of HAART on Brain Organization and Function in HIV-Negative Subjects. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 10:517-21

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