The advent of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has profoundly advanced understanding of the human brain. One of the most exciting cutting-edge applications of fMRI is connectivity analysis, which reveals not only the separate brain regions involved in a given neural process, but also the manner in which these regions interact with each other. Dysfunction in such interactions is arguably the crux of human psychopathology. Connectivity analysis may particularly advance understanding of the neurobiology of alcohol dependence (alcoholism), a progressive, chronically relapsing disease that affects eight million Americans annually. The disease often begins with reward-driven heavy drinking and ultimately develops into a pattern of habitual, compulsive use. Animal models of addiction suggest that one key factor in this transition is a pervasive shift in the connectivity of the brain's behavioral control system. Initially, drinking may co-opt a brain network that underlies goal-directed (reward-motivated) behavior. After dependence onsets, drinking may shift to a network that mediates habit learning, or compulsivity. Human fMRI studies suggest that these networks are active when individuals are exposed to alcohol cues and also when they are at rest. Further, their integrity may be related to neurocognitive deficits in executive functioning. However, these networks have not been studied systematically in human alcoholics. This proposal will use fMRI connectivity analysis to test connectivity of the goal-directed and habit learning networks among non-dependent heavy drinkers and alcohol-dependent individuals. There are three specific aims: 1) to identify the connectivity differences between these groups during alcohol cue reactivity;2) to identify such differences between groups while at rest;and 3) to determine whether connectivity differences are related to individual differences in neurocognitive impairment. Understanding shifts in the dominance of brain networks subserving reward and habit will ultimately contribute to the development of more efficacious treatments for alcohol dependence.

Public Health Relevance

Alcohol dependence (alcoholism) is a progressive, chronically relapsing disorder that often begins with heavy drinking during young adulthood and ultimately progresses to habitual, compulsive alcohol use. Although many people drink alcohol, sometimes to excess, only some progress to lasting alcoholism. Using functional neuroimaging, this project aims to determine whether the progression of alcoholism in these people is related to changes in neural connectivity, or the way in which different parts of the brain talk to each other;understanding these changes may help researchers develop better treatments for alcoholism.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Type
Career Transition Award (K99)
Project #
5K99AA021419-02
Application #
8733486
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAA1)
Program Officer
Matochik, John A
Project Start
2013-09-15
Project End
2015-08-31
Budget Start
2014-09-01
Budget End
2015-08-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Medical University of South Carolina
Department
Psychiatry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
Charleston
State
SC
Country
United States
Zip Code
29403
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Schacht, J P (2016) COMT val158met moderation of dopaminergic drug effects on cognitive function: a critical review. Pharmacogenomics J 16:430-8
Prisciandaro, James J; Schacht, Joseph P; Prescot, Andrew P et al. (2016) Associations Between Recent Heavy Drinking and Dorsal Anterior Cingulate N-Acetylaspartate and Glutamate Concentrations in Non-Treatment-Seeking Individuals with Alcohol Dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 40:491-6
Adams, Zachary W; Schacht, Joseph P; Randall, Patrick et al. (2016) The Reasons for Heavy Drinking Questionnaire: Factor Structure and Validity in Alcohol-Dependent Adults Involved in Clinical Trials. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 77:354-61
Schacht, Joseph P; Anton, Raymond F; Randall, Patrick K et al. (2014) Varenicline effects on drinking, craving and neural reward processing among non-treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent individuals. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 231:3799-807