This proposal seeks to understand the interaction between air pollution and psychosocial stress on markers of inflammation and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). Under the mentorship of Dr. Joel Kaufman, this training and research plan will build upon Dr. Hajat's expertise in social epidemiology and prepare her for a career studying the nexus of social and environmental factors and their impact on CVD. During the K99 phase, Dr. Hajat will use didactic instruction and independent study to gain additional training in 1) the biology of stress and CVD 2) spatial statistical methods and 3) exposure generation and assessment. This training will provide Dr. Hajat with interdisciplinary skills and knowledge as she moves towards an independent research career. During the K99 phase Dr. Hajat will characterize the extent to which biomarkers of stress, neighborhood-level psychosocial stressors and individual level psychosocial stressors are spatially correlated with ambient air pollutants, specifically particulae matter <2.5 m in aerodynamic diameter, nitrogen dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and black carbon. This work will build upon Dr. Hajat's previous work using the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a longitudinal study of subclinical CVD in a cohort of older adults recruited from six metropolitan areas across the US. Upon completion of the training phase of this award, Dr. Hajat will undertake research during the R00 phase of the project that will transition her to an independent investigator.
The aims of this research are (1) to assess the synergistic effects of air pollution and psychosocial stress (measured objectively and subjectively) on markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fibrinogen) as well as on the progression of atherosclerosis in different vascular beds, measured by intima media thickness, coronary calcification and ankle brachial index and (2) to conduct a crossover study which exposes participants to both diesel exhaust (DE) from an inhalation facility and a laboratory-based mental stress test to assess the synergistic effect of both exposures on physiological outcomes such as blood pressure, heart rate variability, catecholamine levels and IL-6. The research in the R00 phase proposes epidemiologic studies of two complementary extant data sources, MESA and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional nationally representative sample of the US population. Both studies have data on air pollution, psychosocial stressors, inflammation and subclinical CVD and together capture a larger geographic area and populations across the life course. The R00 phase also proposes conducting an experimental study. The study will be conducted in one of the nation's few controlled inhalation facilities where subjects will be exposed to both DE and a laboratory generated acute mental stressor. The acute mental stress exposure, which is often used in psychology, will consist of administering a speech task and an arithmetic task. Understanding the synergistic effects of air pollution and psychosocial stress will help advance our understanding of the biological mechanisms behind environmental health disparities.

Public Health Relevance

Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in rates of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the US, have been persistent for decades. New approaches to understanding the root causes of health disparities are needed if our nation wants to make progress towards alleviating these disparities and in so doing improving the public's health. This proposal will explore the joint effect of psychosocial stressors and an environmental hazard, air pollution, to better understand if together these factors contribute to precursors of cardiovascular disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Type
Career Transition Award (K99)
Project #
5K99ES023498-02
Application #
8813573
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZES1-LWJ-D (K9))
Program Officer
Schug, Thaddeus
Project Start
2014-03-01
Project End
2016-02-28
Budget Start
2015-03-01
Budget End
2016-02-28
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$121,354
Indirect Cost
$8,804
Name
University of Washington
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
605799469
City
Seattle
State
WA
Country
United States
Zip Code
98195
Fujishiro, Kaori; Hajat, Anjum; Landsbergis, Paul A et al. (2017) Explaining racial/ethnic differences in all-cause mortality in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA): Substantive complexity and hazardous working conditions as mediating factors. SSM Popul Health 3:497-505
Hicken, Margaret T; Adar, Sara D; Hajat, Anjum et al. (2016) Air Pollution, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Social Disadvantage: The Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Epidemiology 27:42-50
Kaufman, Joel D; Spalt, Elizabeth W; Curl, Cynthia L et al. (2016) Advances in Understanding Air Pollution and CVD. Glob Heart 11:343-352
Chi, Gloria C; Hajat, Anjum; Bird, Chloe E et al. (2016) Individual and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and the Association between Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease. Environ Health Perspect 124:1840-1847
Kravitz-Wirtz, Nicole; Crowder, Kyle; Hajat, Anjum et al. (2016) THE LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF RACIAL/ETHNIC INEQUALITY IN NEIGHBORHOOD AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE, 1990-2009. Du Bois Rev 13:237-259
Hajat, Anjum; Hsia, Charlene; O'Neill, Marie S (2015) Socioeconomic Disparities and Air Pollution Exposure: a Global Review. Curr Environ Health Rep 2:440-50
Hajat, Anjum; Moore, Kari; Do, D Phuong et al. (2015) Examining the cross-sectional and longitudinal association between diurnal cortisol and neighborhood characteristics: Evidence from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Health Place 34:199-206
Hajat, Anjum; Allison, Matthew; Diez-Roux, Ana V et al. (2015) Long-term exposure to air pollution and markers of inflammation, coagulation, and endothelial activation: a repeat-measures analysis in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Epidemiology 26:310-20