This K99/R00 Award will provide the training in health services research and clinical obstetric practice needed to develop the candidate into an independent interdisciplinary researcher focusing on reproductive health disparities. The rate of cesarean delivery has reached epidemic proportions in the U.S. Overweight and obese women are at increased risk of cesarean, as well as short-term and long-term morbidities subsequent to cesarean delivery. However, very little is known about how to optimally provide obstetric care to overweight/obese women, to maximize their chance of successfully achieving a vaginal delivery. Patient- and systems-level factors are important determinants of mode of delivery. There are racial/ethnic disparities in cesarean delivery, and the relative contribution of obesity and race i unknown. Additionally, very little is known about the effect of busy (high-volume) days in Labor &Delivery on cesarean delivery rates. This project aims to disentangle the effects of obesity and race/ethnicity, and establish the impact of daily obstetric volume, on cesarean delivery. The proposed K99/R00 study will use a large administrative dataset containing a diverse population of births (California) to tease out the impact of obesity and race/ethnicity on mode of delivery, exploring the possibility of effect modification. Interaction of this type has been observed for obesity and race effects on other obstetric outcomes. The K99 phase will allow the candidate to develop a metric of daily obstetric volume, or how busy a Labor &Delivery unit is on a given day. In the R00 phase, the candidate will analyze the impact of high-volume days on the nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex cesarean delivery rate. Analyses will also be conducted within the overweight/obese populations and among subgroups of racial minority women, to see if altered processes of obstetric care affect their outcomes differentially. These innovative analyses and methodologies will provide much-needed information on non-medical predictors of cesarean delivery among women at the greatest risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Oregon Health and Science University is the ideal setting to conduct this training and research, because of its leadership in clinical obstetrics, obstetric outcomes research, and health services research. The candidate will also leverage the resources at the Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute to foster professional development and facilitate the transition to research independence.

Public Health Relevance

This research is relevant to public health because it will allow providers, hospitals, and policymakers to deliver obstetric care that is tailored to the needs of high-risk women. Both obese and racial minority women are at increased risk of cesarean delivery, but we know very little about how to improve their chances of vaginal delivery. By exploring the effects of obesity, race, and daily obstetric volume, this study will provide much-needed information with a large population impact, helping to eliminate disparities in obstetric outcomes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Career Transition Award (K99)
Project #
1K99HD079658-01
Application #
8678624
Study Section
Developmental Biology Subcommittee (CHHD)
Program Officer
Davis, Maurice
Project Start
2014-05-15
Project End
2016-04-30
Budget Start
2014-05-15
Budget End
2015-04-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Oregon Health and Science University
Department
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
Portland
State
OR
Country
United States
Zip Code
97239
Tilden, Ellen L; Snowden, Jonathan M (2018) The Causal Inference Framework: A Primer on Concepts and Methods for Improving the Study of Well-Woman Childbearing Processes. J Midwifery Womens Health 63:700-709
Phillippi, Julia C; Neal, Jeremy L; Carlson, Nicole S et al. (2017) Utilizing Datasets to Advance Perinatal Research. J Midwifery Womens Health :
Snowden, Jonathan M; Kozhimannil, Katy Backes; Muoto, Ifeoma et al. (2017) A 'busy day' effect on perinatal complications of delivery on weekends: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Qual Saf 26:e1
Snowden, Jonathan M; Chen, Yea-Hung; McFarland, Willi et al. (2017) Prevalence and characteristics of users of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men, San Francisco, 2014 in a cross-sectional survey: implications for disparities. Sex Transm Infect 93:52-55
Chen, Yea-Hung; Snowden, Jonathan M; McFarland, Willi et al. (2016) Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Use, Seroadaptation, and Sexual Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex with Men, San Francisco, 2004-2014. AIDS Behav 20:2791-2797
Lee, V R; Darney, B G; Snowden, J M et al. (2016) Term elective induction of labour and perinatal outcomes in obese women: retrospective cohort study. BJOG 123:271-8
Snowden, Jonathan M; Rodriguez, Maria I; Jackson, Skyler D et al. (2016) Preexposure Prophylaxis and Patient Centeredness: A Call for Holistically Protecting and Promoting the Health of Gay Men. Am J Mens Health 10:353-8
Snowden, Jonathan M; Mission, John F; Marshall, Nicole E et al. (2016) The Impact of maternal obesity and race/ethnicity on perinatal outcomes: Independent and joint effects. Obesity (Silver Spring) 24:1590-8
Kozhimannil, Katy B; Thao, Viengneesee; Hung, Peiyin et al. (2016) Association between Hospital Birth Volume and Maternal Morbidity among Low-Risk Pregnancies in Rural, Urban, and Teaching Hospitals in the United States. Am J Perinatol 33:590-9
Snowden, Jonathan M; Caughey, Aaron B (2015) Is there a weekend effect in obstetrics? BMJ 351:h6192

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