This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Objective: In the last decade, a variety of techniques have been developed which allow noninvasive imaging of reporter genes expressed within a live animal. NMR, PET and optical imaging techniques have all been developed and each has its advantages and disadvantages. The optical techniques were made possible by the development of sensitive and inexpensive CCD cameras and also by the realization that light emitted in the interior of the body is transported to the exterior with suprisingly little attentuation.
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