In skeletal development, cells of the chondrocyte and osteoblast lineage undergo serial steps of proliferation and differentiation, and give rise to matrix-producing cells that drive bone growth. The goal of this research project is to reveal stem/progenitor cells in the chondrocyte and osteoblast lineage in terms of their origin, distribution, regulated kinetics and genetic profiles in vivo.
Specific Aim 1. Stem-like chondrocytes at the top of the postnatal epiphyseal growth plate cartilage: In endochondral bone formation, chondrocytes in the specific regions termed growth plates continue to proliferate postnatally, providing engines for bone lengthening. Slowly dividing cells at the top of the growth plate probably share some characteristics of postnatal stem cells. First, existence of self-renewing chondrocytes that are the sources of all other chondrocytes in the growth plate will be demonstrated by a lineage-tracking experiment using a chondrocyte-specific inducible CreERt and a fluorescent reporter system with a long chase period. Second, the genetic make-up of label-retaining cells at the top of the growth plate will be characterized based on cDNA microarrays. A chondrocyte-specific pulse-chase experiment will be performed to identify slowly replicating cells based on a doxycycline-regulatable Tet-off system and a histone 2B-bound EGFP (H2B-EGFP) label. Label-retaining and non-label-retaining chondrocytes will be isolated by fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS). Genes specifically expressed in label-retaining chondrocytes will be tested for their gene expression during development by in situ hybridization, using probes identified in microarray experiments comparing the label-retaining and rapidly proliferating chondrocytes.
Specific Aim 2. Early cells early in the osteoblast lineage: Osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is regulated by transcription factors Runx2 and Osterix (Osx) expressed early after commitment to the osteoblast lineage. Msx2 is putatively upstream of these two transcription factors. Nestin has been recently shown to be a marker of mesenchymal stem cells. Heterogeneity, origin and self-renewal of the mesenchymal stem cell population in vivo will be investigated by a combined lineage-tracking experiment based on a double fluorescent system using Nestin-EGFP; Nestin-/Osx-/Runx2-/Msx2-CreERt; Rosa26-CAG-tdTomato reporter mice. Double positive self-renewing and single positive descendant populations of interest will be isolated by FACS to analyze genes specifically upregulated in each population.
Specific Aim 3. Common stem/progenitor cells of the chondrocyte and the osteoblast lineage and their function: Inducible CreERt BAC transgenic mouse in which CreERt expression is regulated by the promoter of one of the commonly upregulated genes of Aim 1 and 2 will be created. To understand the role of these cells during skeletal development, the CreERt mice will be crossed with inducible diphtheria toxin receptor (iDTR) mice. Diphtheria toxin will be administered at various times of development, and disruption on normal skeletogenesis will be monitored to elucidate the role of these progenitors in vivo.
The prospective findings of this research project will give important insights into the property and the role of stem/progenitor cells in skeletal development. This information will become a valuable tool for understanding the mechanisms of various dental and craniofacial deformities and developing novel diagnosis categories and treatment modalities.
| Sakagami, N; Matsushita, Y; Syklawer-Howle, S et al. (2018) Msx2 Marks Spatially Restricted Populations of Mesenchymal Precursors. J Dent Res 97:1260-1267 |
| Mizuhashi, Koji; Ono, Wanida; Matsushita, Yuki et al. (2018) Resting zone of the growth plate houses a unique class of skeletal stem cells. Nature 563:254-258 |
| Balani, Deepak H; Ono, Noriaki; Kronenberg, Henry M (2017) Parathyroid hormone regulates fates of murine osteoblast precursors in vivo. J Clin Invest 127:3327-3338 |
| Sakagami, N; Ono, W; Ono, N (2017) Diverse contribution of Col2a1-expressing cells to the craniofacial skeletal cell lineages. Orthod Craniofac Res 20 Suppl 1:44-49 |
| Takahashi, A; Ono, N; Ono, W (2017) The fate of Osterix-expressing mesenchymal cells in dental root formation and maintenance. Orthod Craniofac Res 20 Suppl 1:39-43 |
| Ono, Wanida; Sakagami, Naoko; Nishimori, Shigeki et al. (2016) Parathyroid hormone receptor signalling in osterix-expressing mesenchymal progenitors is essential for tooth root formation. Nat Commun 7:11277 |
| Ono, Noriaki; Kronenberg, Henry M (2016) Bone repair and stem cells. Curr Opin Genet Dev 40:103-107 |
| Kozhemyakina, Elena; Zhang, Minjie; Ionescu, Andreia et al. (2015) Identification of a Prg4-expressing articular cartilage progenitor cell population in mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 67:1261-73 |
| Ono, Noriaki; Kronenberg, Henry M (2015) Mesenchymal progenitor cells for the osteogenic lineage. Curr Mol Biol Rep 1:95-100 |
| Ono, Noriaki; Ono, Wanida; Nagasawa, Takashi et al. (2014) A subset of chondrogenic cells provides early mesenchymal progenitors in growing bones. Nat Cell Biol 16:1157-67 |
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