Fall prevention programs have had mixed results highlighting the need for more effective therapies that tackle the most common medical complication in stroke survivors. Task-specific training, which directly targets improving an individual's response during a fall, offers potential. The long-term goal of this proposal is to develop task-specific training that accounts for the unique balance challenges of stroke survivors that is both effective and time efficient. The ability to implement a task-specific training program in stroke survivors is thwarted by a lack of empirical evidence about which factors and mechanisms lead to a failed recovery during a balance disturbance in this population. An essential component of a successful recovery (avoidance of a fall) is compensatory limb movement ? taking a step to regain balance or reaching to a stable surface. We recently noted important similarities between compensatory movements and startle-evoked movements ? the involuntary release of planned movement when exposed to startling stimuli. Specifically, startle-evoked and compensatory movements share similar deficits following stroke ? delayed, diminished muscle activity, and inappropriate patterns of muscle activation. Thus our central hypothesis is that deficits in compensatory movements post-stroke are driven by deficits in startle-evoked movements.
In Aim 1, our objective is to quantify stroke survivors' response during a balance disturbance identifying the key, trainable factors that lead to unsuccessful recovery (i.e. a fall). In brief, stroke survivors will be exposed to backward translations of a treadmill while quantifying stability measures, trunk and step kinematics, paretic limb parameters, and electromyography. Factors will be assessed for their ability to classify successful (fall avoidance) and failed (fall) recoveries. These factors can then be assessed for trainability in future task-specific training paradigms for stroke survivors.
In Aim 2, we will pursue identification of the mechanism driving deficits in compensatory movements to arm perturbation in stroke survivors. Our objective is to evaluate the impact of deficits in startle- evoked movement on the ability of stroke survivors to effectively compensate during an arm perturbation. To precisely control perturbation parameters and allow bilateral assessment of paretic and non-paretic limbs, we will evaluate subjects while seated.
In Aim 3, we will combine knowledge gained in Aims 1 & 2 and evaluate the link between factors that contribute to falls and the mechanisms proposed. Our objectives are to 1) evaluate the link between triggering a startle-evoked movement and successful compensatory movement during a balance challenge in unimpaired individuals and 2) evaluate the relationship between deficits in startle-evoked movement and deficits in compensatory limb movements post-stroke. The rationale for the proposal is to establish both the factors and mechanisms driving unsuccessful recovery during a fall post- stroke in order to generate an effective task-specific training paradigm in the next application.

Public Health Relevance

This proposal is relevant to public health because it addresses the growing, costly problem of falls by providing 1) identification of trainable factors that lead to unsuccessful recovery during a balance disturbance in stroke survivors and 2) identification of the mechanism driving compensatory limb movements that allow successful avoidance of a fall. The information derived from this report will help shape the individualized treatment, care, and rehabilitation of persons with stroke with the goal of increasing quality of life while decreasing the cost burden on patients, families, and hospitals.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Transition Award (R00)
Project #
4R00HD073240-03
Application #
8926091
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (NSS)
Program Officer
Cruz, Theresa
Project Start
2015-02-05
Project End
2018-01-31
Budget Start
2015-02-05
Budget End
2016-01-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$250,000
Indirect Cost
$88,188
Name
Arizona State University-Tempe Campus
Department
Engineering (All Types)
Type
Schools of Engineering
DUNS #
943360412
City
Tempe
State
AZ
Country
United States
Zip Code
85281
Kirkpatrick, Nathan J; Ravichandran, Vengateswaran J; Perreault, Eric J et al. (2018) Evidence for startle as a measurable behavioral indicator of motor learning. PLoS One 13:e0195689
Ossanna, Meilin R; Zong, Xi; Ravichandran, Vengateswaran J et al. (2018) Startle evokes nearly identical movements in multi-jointed, two-dimensional reaching tasks. Exp Brain Res :
Celinskis, Dmitrijs; Grabiner, Mark D; Honeycutt, Claire F (2018) Bilateral early activity in the hip flexors associated with falls in stroke survivors: Preliminary evidence from laboratory-induced falls. Clin Neurophysiol 129:258-264
Honeycutt, Claire F; Nevisipour, Masood; Grabiner, Mark D (2016) Characteristics and adaptive strategies linked with falls in stroke survivors from analysis of laboratory-induced falls. J Biomech 49:3313-3319
Honeycutt, Claire Fletcher; Tresch, Ursina Andrea; Perreault, Eric Jon (2015) Startling acoustic stimuli can evoke fast hand extension movements in stroke survivors. Clin Neurophysiol 126:160-4
Honeycutt, Claire Fletcher; Perreault, Eric Jon (2014) Deficits in startle-evoked arm movements increase with impairment following stroke. Clin Neurophysiol 125:1682-8