Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased risk of both arterial and venous thrombosis, and as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is increasing the expected lifespan of HIV/AIDS patients, cardiovascular disease is increasing in prevalence in this population. The recognized drivers of chronic immune activation in HIV disease, including viral replication and microbial products translocated from the damaged gastrointestinal tract, may be playing a crucial role in development of cardiovascular disease and thrombosis within these patients. Monocytes from HIV infected patients have increased expression of tissue factor (TF) compared to levels found on monocytes from uninfected controls. Expression of monocytic tissue factor is related to markers of immune activation (CD38 and HLADR on Tcells), levels of plasma viremia, a marker of microbial translocation (sCD14), and fibrynolysis (D-dimers). The studies outlined in this application will define the mechanistic basis for increased monocyte TF expression in HIV infection and will explore the clinical impact of inflammation on TF expression and on the strikingly increased risk for cardiovascular disease and thrombosis in chronic HIV infection.
The aims of this project are as follows:
Aim 1 A: To determine the molecular basis for the induction of tissue factor expression on monocytes following in vitro exposure to HIV-1.
Aim 1 B: To explore the role of Kruppel-like factor 2 in the regulation of monocyte tissue factor expression in HIV-1 infection Aim 2A: To characterize further the phenotype of activated Tissue Factor-expressing monocytes in HIV-1 infected patients.
Aim 2 B: To evaluate monocyte phenotypes in untreated and treated HIV infection. The phenotype Aim 3: To assess the effects of statin treatment on monocyte activation in HIV disease Support of this project via the K99/R00 award will play a pivotal role in the career development of the applicant, solidifying his research experience through intensive mentorship, technical training, and broad intellectual development. Training during the mentored phase of this proposal will enhance the applicant's knowledge of the linkages between the immune system, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease, expand his technical repertoire, and provide a foundation in translational research that will enable him to achieve his long-term goals as an NIH-funded faculty member. The applicant has been successful at every level of his career, and through the continued mentorship of Dr Michael Lederman, a world leader in clinical trials research, and continued hard work by the applicant, there is no reason to believe that Dr Nicholas Funderburg will not be able to achieve success as an independent scientist.

Public Health Relevance

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is increasing the expected lifespan of HIV/AIDS patients and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing in prevalence in this population. The mechanisms behind this increased risk for cardiovascular events are poorly understood and by exploring the potential causes of CVD in HIV infection, perhaps new therapies can be developed.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Transition Award (R00)
Project #
5R00HL108743-05
Application #
9035422
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (NSS)
Program Officer
Kirby, Ruth
Project Start
2014-04-08
Project End
2017-03-31
Budget Start
2016-04-01
Budget End
2017-03-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Ohio State University
Department
Other Health Professions
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
832127323
City
Columbus
State
OH
Country
United States
Zip Code
43210
Dirajlal-Fargo, Sahera; Kulkarni, Manjusha; Bowman, Emily et al. (2018) Serum Albumin Is Associated With Higher Inflammation and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 5:ofy291
Dirajlal-Fargo, Sahera; Sattar, Abdus; Kulkarni, Manjusha et al. (2017) Soluble TWEAK may predict carotid atherosclerosis in treated HIV infection. HIV Clin Trials 18:156-163
Kulkarni, Manjusha M; Ratcliff, Annette N; Bhat, Menakshi et al. (2017) Cellular fatty acid synthase is required for late stages of HIV-1 replication. Retrovirology 14:45
Belury, Martha A; Bowman, Emily; Gabriel, Janelle et al. (2017) Prospective Analysis of Lipid Composition Changes with Antiretroviral Therapy and Immune Activation in Persons Living with HIV. Pathog Immun 2:376-403
Funderburg, Nicholas T; Xu, Dihua; Playford, Martin P et al. (2017) Treatment of HIV infection with a raltegravir-based regimen increases LDL levels, but improves HDL cholesterol efflux capacity. Antivir Ther 22:71-75
Shive, Carey L; Clagett, Brian; McCausland, Marie R et al. (2016) Inflammation Perturbs the IL-7 Axis, Promoting Senescence and Exhaustion that Broadly Characterize Immune Failure in Treated HIV Infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 71:483-92
Funderburg, Nicholas T; Mehta, Nehal N (2016) Lipid Abnormalities and Inflammation in HIV Inflection. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 13:218-25
Funderburg, Nicholas T; Boucher, Morgan; Sattar, Abdus et al. (2016) Rosuvastatin Decreases Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (I-FABP), but Does Not Alter Zonulin or Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP) Levels, in HIV-Infected Subjects on Antiretroviral Therapy. Pathog Immun 1:118-128
Panigrahi, Soumya; Freeman, Michael L; Funderburg, Nicholas T et al. (2016) SIV/SHIV Infection Triggers Vascular Inflammation, Diminished Expression of Krüppel-like Factor 2 and Endothelial Dysfunction. J Infect Dis 213:1419-27
Turner, Abigail Norris; Maierhofer, Courtney; Funderburg, Nicholas T et al. (2016) High levels of self-reported prescription opioid use by HIV-positive individuals. AIDS Care 28:1559-1565

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