The proportion of all AIDS cases reported among women has more than tripled since 1985. It appears that relationships with men are the greatest source of HIV risk for women. Women's ability to successfully negotiate is an important component of the process. Although the ultimate decision to use preventative measures is the man's, in a consensual encounter, there is still an opportunity for a woman to insist or influence that decision. Alcohol consumption can interfere with the effectiveness of a woman's negotiation and the decision not to be involved in risky behavior. We propose that these outcomes are cognitively mediated by a series of primary and secondary appraisals during these encounters. Primary appraisals are those directed toward recognizing that a situation is likely to lead to these inevitable men-women encounters. Secondary appraisals involve assessing the advantages and disadvantages of engaging in negotiation, and can influence the effectiveness of the negotiation. In addition to being influenced by alcohol, both directly through actual consumption and indirectly through expectancies, these secondary appraisals and subsequent negotiation can be influenced by the type of relationship the woman has with the man and her knowledge about his relationship history. Ultimately these will lead to her decision whether to have unprotected relationship. Theoretical models of cognitive mediation and the effects of alcohol consumption and expectancies provide the foundation for this work. Four experiments are proposed to investigate physiological and expectancy set effects in young women of drinking age. An additional four experiments will investigate the role of alcohol expectancies in 18-20 year old women. Manipulated variables in the between-subjects experimental design include relationship type and knowledge of partner's relationship history, depending on the experiment. The role of background factors related to the relational self, and victimization history will also be examined. This work will provide important information about how women's alcohol consumption and expectancies about relationships affect their assessment of situations, negotiation, and decisions about unprotected involvement. Findings have implications for designing prevention interventions, especially related to alcohol's role as a risk factor for contracting HIV.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AA014512-03
Application #
6944537
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAA1-CC (11))
Program Officer
Roach, Deidra
Project Start
2003-09-22
Project End
2008-08-31
Budget Start
2005-09-01
Budget End
2006-08-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2005
Total Cost
$441,350
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Washington
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
605799469
City
Seattle
State
WA
Country
United States
Zip Code
98195
Xie, Maobin; Fan, Dejun; Li, Yi et al. (2017) Supercritical carbon dioxide-developed silk fibroin nanoplatform for smart colon cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 12:7751-7761
Neilson, Elizabeth C; Norris, Jeanette; Bryan, Amanda E B et al. (2017) Sexual Assault Severity and Depressive Symptoms as Longitudinal Predictors of the Quality of Women's Sexual Experiences. J Sex Marital Ther 43:463-478
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Bryan, Amanda E B; Norris, Jeanette; Abdallah, Devon Alisa et al. (2016) Longitudinal Change in Women's Sexual Victimization Experiences as a Function of Alcohol Consumption and Sexual Victimization History: A Latent Transition Analysis. Psychol Violence 6:271-279
Danube, Cinnamon L; Norris, Jeanette; Stappenbeck, Cynthia A et al. (2016) Partner Type, Sexual Double Standard Endorsement, and Ambivalence Predict Abdication and Unprotected Sex Intentions in a Community Sample of Young Women. J Sex Res 53:601-13
Jacques-Tiura, Angela J; Norris, Jeanette; Kiekel, Preston A et al. (2015) Influences of acute alcohol consumption, sexual precedence, and relationship motivation on women's relationship and sex appraisals and unprotected sex intentions. J Soc Pers Relat 32:197-221
Parkhill, Michele R; Norris, Jeanette; Davis, Kelly Cue (2014) The role of alcohol use during sexual situations in the relationship between sexual revictimization and women's intentions to engage in unprotected sex. Violence Vict 29:492-505
Masters, N Tatiana; George, William H; Davis, Kelly Cue et al. (2014) Women's unprotected sex intentions: roles of sexual victimization, intoxication, and partner perception. J Sex Res 51:586-98
Davis, Kelly Cue; Stappenbeck, Cynthia A; Norris, Jeanette et al. (2014) Young men's condom use resistance tactics: a latent profile analysis. J Sex Res 51:454-65
Norris, Jeanette; Kiekel, Preston A; Morrison, Diane M et al. (2013) How Do Alcohol and Relationship Type Affect Women's Risk Judgment of Partners with Differing Risk Histories? Psychol Women Q 37:209-223

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