We propose to test an integrative model for adolescent risky behavior that incorporates key psychological features of the transition into adolescence, the centrality of affect in adolescent risky behavior, and the role of classic, dispositional traits in shaping psychosocial learning. As individuals make the transition into adolescence, they tend to experience increases in negative affectivity, decreases in positive affectivity, increases in sensation seeking, and increases in urgency (the tendency to act impulsively when distressed). Many of these trait changes involve affectivity, which we believe is important because affect appears to play a central, if previously underappreciated, role in adolescent risky behavior (Steinberg, 2004). These trait changes are particularly important in light of advances in person-environment transaction theory. It appears that individual differences in personality cause individuals to learn different things from the same learning event: dispositional traits shape psychosocial learning (Smith et al., 2006). We propose to study the influence of trait changes on learning that disposes one to risky behaviors. We believe the trait of urgency is particularly important, because urgency reflects mood-based impulsivity and is strongly related to several risky behaviors (Fischer et al., 2003;Smith et al., 2007a;Whiteside &Lynam, 2003;Whiteside et al., 2005). In a longitudinal study of children, from 5th grade (before the start of middle school) through 8th grade, we will show the following. Following the onset of adolescence, individual differences in the growth of urgency will predict subsequent individual differences in the growth of expectancies for problem drinking and other risky behaviors. Growth in those expectancies will predict subsequent individual differences in the onset of problem drinking and the other behaviors. Urgency's role will be different from that of sensation seeking: for example, sensation seeking will predict quantity/frequency of drinking, and urgency will predict problem drinking. Urgency's role will be different from that of negative and positive affectivity: the latter two traits will predict subsequent growth in depression, but urgency will not. Urgency will predict growth in risky behaviors, but affectivity will not.

Public Health Relevance

This research will help us understand how the transition into adolescence can leave some children at risk for beginning to engage in risky behaviors. It will highlight the importance of emotion for some adolescents'risky behaviors, and it will suggest mood-based interventions that might reduce risk.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AA016166-02
Application #
7579981
Study Section
Risk, Prevention and Intervention for Addictions Study Section (RPIA)
Program Officer
Shirley, Mariela
Project Start
2008-03-10
Project End
2013-02-28
Budget Start
2009-03-01
Budget End
2010-02-28
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$552,557
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Kentucky
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
939017877
City
Lexington
State
KY
Country
United States
Zip Code
40506
Davis, Heather A; Smith, Gregory T (2018) An integrative model of risk for high school disordered eating. J Abnorm Psychol 127:559-570
Peterson, Sarah J; Davis, Heather A; Smith, Gregory T (2018) Personality and learning predictors of adolescent alcohol consumption trajectories. J Abnorm Psychol 127:482-495
Riley, Elizabeth N; Davis, Heather A; Milich, Richard et al. (2018) Heavy, Problematic College Drinking Predicts Increases in Impulsivity. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 79:790-798
Combs, Jessica L; Riley, Elizabeth N; Peterson, Sarah J et al. (2018) Pre-Assault Personality Predicts the Nature of Adverse Outcomes Among Sexual Assault Victims. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 79:258-268
Riley, Elizabeth N; Smith, Gregory T (2017) Childhood drinking and depressive symptom level predict harmful personality change. Clin Psychol Sci 5:85-97
Peterson, Sarah J; Smith, Gregory T (2017) Association between elementary school personality and high school smoking and drinking. Addiction 112:2043-2052
Burris, Jessica L; Riley, Elizabeth; Puleo, Gabriella E et al. (2017) A longitudinal study of the reciprocal relationship between ever smoking and urgency in early adolescence. Drug Alcohol Depend 178:519-526
Smith, Gregory T; Cyders, Melissa A (2016) Integrating affect and impulsivity: The role of positive and negative urgency in substance use risk. Drug Alcohol Depend 163 Suppl 1:S3-S12
Riley, Elizabeth N; Rukavina, Madeline; Smith, Gregory T (2016) The reciprocal predictive relationship between high-risk personality and drinking: An 8-wave longitudinal study in early adolescents. J Abnorm Psychol 125:798-804
Davis, Heather A; Guller, Leila; Smith, Gregory T (2016) Developmental trajectories of compensatory exercise and fasting behavior across the middle school years. Appetite 107:330-338

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