Liver fibrosis is a wound healing process characterized by the accumulation of excess extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver. Alcohol abuse is one of the most common causes of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis in western developed countries, accounting for more than 50% of cirrhosis cases. If left untreated, liver fibrosis will develop into liver cirrhosis, which is irreversible and affects nearly 633,233 adults in the United States. Unfortunately, there is no standard treatment for liver fibrosis till now. Therefore, effective antifibrotic medicines are needed urgently The accumulation of type I collagen in fibrotic liver is primarily due to an increase in the half-life of its mRNA in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We recently demonstrated that blocking PCBP2 expression using siRNA can efficiently decrease the stability of the collagen ?1(I) mRNA and subsequently reverse alcohol- and cytokine-induced fibrogenesis in HSCs. We also discovered an IGF2R-specific peptide that can be used to specifically deliver cargos to activated HSCs. We will improve our current nanocomplex system to enhance the delivery of the PCBP2 siRNA to activated HSCs. It has been well established that the activation and proliferation of HSCs is the central event in liver fibrogenesis. Recently, experimental and clinical studies have shown that inducing apoptosis of activated HSCs in fibrotic liver is a rational and potential anti-fibrotic approach. It was found that HSCs inhibit T cells and B cells through PD-L1 on the surface of HSCs. PD-L1 is overexpressed in activated HSCs, leading to the strong immune modulatory activity of the activated HSCs against T-cell response. Activated HSCs exert inhibitory effects on infiltrating CD8+ T cells and induction effects on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. The immune modulatory activity of activated HSCs can be reversed by anti- PD-L1 antibodies to block the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. We therefore hypothesize that anti-PD-L1 inhibitor can be utilized to restore the activity of infiltrating T cells in the fibrotic liver to clear activated HSCs which overexpress PD-L1. Our strategy is to develop a combination therapy to reverse the accumulated type I collagen using PCBP2 siRNAs and induce apoptosis of activated HSCs using PD-L1 inhibitors. Our central hypothesis is that alcoholic liver fibrosis can be reversed by targeting two different key steps in liver fibrogenesis.

Public Health Relevance

Alcohol abuse is one of the most common causes of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis in western developed countries, accounting for more than 50% of cirrhosis cases. If left untreated, liver fibrosis will develop into liver cirrhosis, which is irreversible and affects nearly 633,233 adults in the United States. Successful accomplishment of this project will provide an effective therapy to treat alcoholic liver fibrosis by targeting multiple pathways that are critical for the formation of liver fibrosis.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01AA021510-06
Application #
9602330
Study Section
Nanotechnology Study Section (NANO)
Program Officer
Radaeva, Svetlana
Project Start
2012-09-15
Project End
2023-06-30
Budget Start
2018-07-01
Budget End
2019-06-30
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Missouri Kansas City
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Pharmacy
DUNS #
010989619
City
Kansas City
State
MO
Country
United States
Zip Code
64110
Zhao, Zhen; Li, Yuanke; Jain, Akshay et al. (2018) Development of a peptide-modified siRNA nanocomplex for hepatic stellate cells. Nanomedicine 14:51-61
Liu, Hao; Chen, Zhijin; Jin, Wei et al. (2017) Silencing of ?-complex protein-2 reverses alcohol- and cytokine-induced fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells. Liver Res 1:70-79
Jain, Akshay; Cheng, Kun (2017) The principles and applications of avidin-based nanoparticles in drug delivery and diagnosis. J Control Release 245:27-40
Chen, Zhijin; Liu, Hao; Jain, Akshay et al. (2017) Discovery of Aptamer Ligands for Hepatic Stellate Cells Using SELEX. Theranostics 7:2982-2995
Liu, Chang; Zhang, Li; Liu, Hao et al. (2017) Delivery strategies of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing system for therapeutic applications. J Control Release 266:17-26
Shukla, Ravi S; Jain, Akshay; Zhao, Zhen et al. (2016) Intracellular trafficking and exocytosis of a multi-component siRNA nanocomplex. Nanomedicine 12:1323-34
Chen, Zhijin; Jin, Wei; Liu, Hao et al. (2015) Discovery of Peptide ligands for hepatic stellate cells using phage display. Mol Pharm 12:2180-8
Shukla, Ravi S; Qin, Bin; Cheng, Kun (2014) Peptides used in the delivery of small noncoding RNA. Mol Pharm 11:3395-408
Barve, Ashutosh; Jin, Wei; Cheng, Kun (2014) Prostate cancer relevant antigens and enzymes for targeted drug delivery. J Control Release 187:118-32
Tai, Wanyi; Chen, Zhijin; Barve, Ashutosh et al. (2014) A novel rapamycin-polymer conjugate based on a new poly(ethylene glycol) multiblock copolymer. Pharm Res 31:706-19

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