: Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 is an established risk factor for neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and for poor outcome from head trauma and stroke. However, the mechanism underlying this increased risk remains elusive. Since protein function is directly related to protein structure, we have focused on determining the structural features that distinguish the apoE isoforms to gain insight into how these differences relate to the mechanism for the different effects of the isoforms in neurodegeneration. Our structural and mutagenesis studies established that apoE contains two structural domains. In apoE4, but not apoE3 and apoE2, the two domains interact. Our working hypothesis is that this unique structural property of apoE4 has a major influence on its functional properties, including lipid transport, metabolism, and mechanisms by which apoE4 contributes to neurodegeneration and heart disease.
The aims i n this application are designed to test this hypothesis in the context of neurodegeneration and AD using in vitro model systems and a novel apoE mouse model, in which domain interaction was engineered into mouse apoE in by gene targeting (Arg-6 1 mouse apoE).
In Specific Aim 1, we will test the hypothesis that domain interaction determines the lipid-binding properties of Arg-6 1 mouse apoE and human apoE4.
In Specific Aim 2, we will test the hypothesis that domain interaction in Arg-61 mouse apoE influences the type and composition of lipoprotein particles secreted by cultured primary astrocytes.
In Specific Aim 3, we will test the hypothesis that domain interaction in Arg-6 1 mouse apoE decreases neuronal outgrowth in cell and organ culture systems.
In Specific Aim 4, we will test the hypothesis that domain interaction in Arg-6 1 mouse apoE4 contributes to neurodegeneration. The results from these studies have the potential to provide clues into the mechanism by which apoE4 contributes to neurodegeneration and to identify therapeutic targets based on isoform-specific effects.
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| Zhong, Ning; Ramaswamy, Gayathri; Weisgraber, Karl H (2009) Apolipoprotein E4 domain interaction induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and impairs astrocyte function. J Biol Chem 284:27273-80 |
| Zhong, Ning; Scearce-Levie, Kimberly; Ramaswamy, Gayathri et al. (2008) Apolipoprotein E4 domain interaction: synaptic and cognitive deficits in mice. Alzheimers Dement 4:179-92 |
| Zhang, Yonghong; Vasudevan, Sheeja; Sojitrawala, Radiya et al. (2007) A monomeric, biologically active, full-length human apolipoprotein E. Biochemistry 46:10722-32 |
| Peters-Libeu, Clare A; Newhouse, Yvonne; Hatters, Danny M et al. (2006) Model of biologically active apolipoprotein E bound to dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. J Biol Chem 281:1073-9 |
| Hatters, Danny M; Zhong, Ning; Rutenber, Earl et al. (2006) Amino-terminal domain stability mediates apolipoprotein E aggregation into neurotoxic fibrils. J Mol Biol 361:932-44 |
| Hatters, Danny M; Peters-Libeu, Clare A; Weisgraber, Karl H (2006) Apolipoprotein E structure: insights into function. Trends Biochem Sci 31:445-54 |
| Hatters, Danny M; Budamagunta, Madhu S; Voss, John C et al. (2005) Modulation of apolipoprotein E structure by domain interaction: differences in lipid-bound and lipid-free forms. J Biol Chem 280:34288-95 |
| Newhouse, Yvonne; Peters-Libeu, Clare; Weisgraber, Karl H (2005) Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of apolipoprotein E-containing lipoprotein particles. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 61:981-4 |
| Hatters, Danny M; Peters-Libeu, Clare A; Weisgraber, Karl H (2005) Engineering conformational destabilization into mouse apolipoprotein E. A model for a unique property of human apolipoprotein E4. J Biol Chem 280:26477-82 |
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