Life span can be extended in many animals when reproduction is repressed, but little is known about the mechanisms of this action. Evidence from the nematode C. elegans suggests that the somatic gonad can produce a signal to ensure longevity, and signals from the germ lineage produce counterbalancing signals that accelerate aging. The identity and operation of these signals are unknown. With Drosophila melanogaster we propose to understand the function of these aging regulatory systems. In our preliminary work we find that loss of germline stem cells from the mature adult gonad, but not the primordial gonad, is sufficient to extend both male and female lifespan. We shall use these differences in the timing of GSC loss to identify cells and molecular signals of the somatic gonad required to induce longevity assurance. Our preliminary work identifies the JAK/STAT and TGF2 families as candidates for the cell-to-cell signaling that is up-regulated when loss of GSC extends lifespan. Research in this proposal will establish whether and how these signals play a functional role in the control of aging. Furthermore, while these signals may affect aging, they are likely to do so indirectly by affecting the function of systemically circulating hormones. Since insulin/IGF signaling is thought to be required for GSC loss to extend lifespan in C. elegans, we assessed the state of insulin signaling when GSC loss extends Drosophila lifespan. Given that reduced insulin signaling is known to increase Drosophila survival, we anticipated there would be fewer messages for insulin- like peptides in these flies. Unexpectedly, we found insulin-like message was several fold increased in long-lived adults. To explain this paradox we propose that GSC loss extends lifespan because the somatic gonad produces signals that repress the insulin sensitivity of tissues in the somatic body, and active GSC suppress this signal. Further preliminary data are consistent with this model of `insulin impedance': transcriptional targets of dFOXO are elevated in flies without germline, and these flies strongly express an insulin inhibitory IGF-like binding protein, Imp-L2. Studies in this proposal will robustly test this hypothesis and establish specific molecular mechanisms by which reproduction modulates animal aging.

Public Health Relevance

Reproductive investment accelerates aging in animals ranging from nematodes, to insects, to mammals and including humans. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this nearly universal mode of aging control will provide fundamental insights on how human aging is affected by the hormone systems controlled by reproduction. This proposal works with the fly Drosophila melanogaster to explore the effects of reproduction upon candidate aging regulatory hormone systems that are common to insects and mammals.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AG031152-04
Application #
8113278
Study Section
Cellular Mechanisms in Aging and Development Study Section (CMAD)
Program Officer
Guo, Max
Project Start
2008-09-01
Project End
2013-07-31
Budget Start
2011-08-01
Budget End
2012-07-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$363,393
Indirect Cost
Name
Brown University
Department
Biology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001785542
City
Providence
State
RI
Country
United States
Zip Code
02912
Bowman, Elizabeth; Tatar, Marc (2016) Reproduction regulates Drosophila nutrient intake through independent effects of egg production and sex peptide: Implications for aging. Nutr Healthy Aging 4:55-61
Tatar, Marc; Post, Stephanie; Yu, Kweon (2014) Nutrient control of Drosophila longevity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 25:509-17
Ding, Feifei; Gil, M Pilar; Franklin, Michael et al. (2014) Transcriptional response to dietary restriction in Drosophila melanogaster. J Insect Physiol 69:101-6
Whitaker, Rachel; Gil, M Pilar; Ding, Feifei et al. (2014) Dietary switch reveals fast coordinated gene expression changes in Drosophila melanogaster. Aging (Albany NY) 6:355-68
Yamamoto, Rochele; Bai, Hua; Dolezal, Adam G et al. (2013) Juvenile hormone regulation of Drosophila aging. BMC Biol 11:85
Bai, Hua; Kang, Ping; Hernandez, Ana Maria et al. (2013) Activin signaling targeted by insulin/dFOXO regulates aging and muscle proteostasis in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 9:e1003941
Rus, Florentina; Flatt, Thomas; Tong, Mei et al. (2013) Ecdysone triggered PGRP-LC expression controls Drosophila innate immunity. EMBO J 32:1626-38
Bergland, Alan O; Chae, Hyo-seok; Kim, Young-Joon et al. (2012) Fine-scale mapping of natural variation in fly fecundity identifies neuronal domain of expression and function of an aquaporin. PLoS Genet 8:e1002631
Bai, Hua; Kang, Ping; Tatar, Marc (2012) Drosophila insulin-like peptide-6 (dilp6) expression from fat body extends lifespan and represses secretion of Drosophila insulin-like peptide-2 from the brain. Aging Cell 11:978-85
Paik, Donggi; Jang, Yeo Gil; Lee, Young Eun et al. (2012) Misexpression screen delineates novel genes controlling Drosophila lifespan. Mech Ageing Dev 133:234-45

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