The molecular mechanisms of aging and degenerative diseases are not completely understood, but it is known that the level of oxidative protein damage in mitochondria increases markedly with age and is high in patients with rapid-aging syndrome as well as those with degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Carbonylation is a common oxidative modification and recent studies indicate that it is selective and concentrated in a subset of cellular proteins. However, little is known about the specific sites of carbonylation in these proteins. This information is critical because it provides a platform for understanding how reactive oxygen and carbonyl species broadly alter protein structure and leave footprints, which can potentially act as markers for the disease states and aging processes. Moreover, it is a key to assessing the modes of action of therapeutics aimed at ameliorating the effects of oxidative damage to mitochondria. The research team is well suited for the proposed studies and brings together expertise in mass spectrometry and organic reaction mechanisms (Gronert), genetics (Grotewiel and Bettinger), Drosophila melanogaster (Grotewiel), and C. elegans (Bettinger). In the present application, we will identify carbonylation sites in proteins subjected to oxidative stress, both in model protein systems as well as in model organisms. Our working hypothesis is that protein carbonylation is localized at vulnerable structural motifs and depends on the nature of the oxidant. To test this hypothesis, model proteins will be subjected to oxidative stress with typical cellular oxidants or oxidation products (i.e., unsaturated aldehydes) and analyzed with a sensitive mass spectrometric approach. In addition, we will use a similar approach to examine mitochondrial protein from Drosophila melanogaster and C. elegans. Here, the effect of aging and induced oxidative stress on the level and nature of oxidative protein damage will be assessed. The work will yield the following outcomes: (a) carbonylation maps and structure/reactivity relationships in model proteins subjected to oxidative stress, (b) background oxidation sites in the mitochondrial protein of two model organisms, (c) direct measures of the effect of in vivo oxidative stress on protein carbonylation, and (d) determination of the impact of oxidative stress on protein levels in the electron transport chain. The rationale for the work is that by identifying the specific sites of carbonyl-related protein modifications, we can pinpoint ways in which protein structures are altered and discover patterns in oxidative modifications that correlate with the form of oxidative stress. This information is critical for understanding the role of protein oxidation in mitochondrial dysfunction and for the development of biomarkers based on protein oxidation as well as the assessment of potential therapeutics.

Public Health Relevance

During aging and degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, there is a dramatic increase in the level of oxidative protein damage. This project will access the molecular nature of the damage in a set of model proteins and organisms. The results will provide a foundation for a greater understanding of the mechanisms of degenerative processes, the identification of sensitive markers of disease states, and the assessment of therapeutics.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AG034167-04
Application #
8441589
Study Section
Enabling Bioanalytical and Biophysical Technologies Study Section (EBT)
Program Officer
Finkelstein, David B
Project Start
2010-04-15
Project End
2014-03-31
Budget Start
2013-05-15
Budget End
2014-03-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$222,706
Indirect Cost
$73,739
Name
Virginia Commonwealth University
Department
Chemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
105300446
City
Richmond
State
VA
Country
United States
Zip Code
23298
Ugur, Zafer; Gronert, Scott (2017) A Robust Analytical Approach for the Identification of Specific Protein Carbonylation Sites: Metal-Catalyzed Oxidations of Human Serum Albumin. Anal Lett 50:567-579
Coffey, Chelsea M; Gronert, Scott (2016) A cleavable biotin tagging reagent that enables the enrichment and identification of carbonylation sites in proteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 408:865-74
Narayanasamy, Suresh K; Simpson, David C; Martin, Ian et al. (2014) Paraquat exposure and Sod2 knockdown have dissimilar impacts on the Drosophila melanogaster carbonylated protein proteome. Proteomics 14:2566-77
Liu, Qingyuan; Simpson, David C; Gronert, Scott (2013) Carbonylation of mitochondrial aconitase with 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-nonenal: localization and relative reactivity of addition sites. Biochim Biophys Acta 1834:1144-54
Liu, Qingyuan; Simpson, David C; Gronert, Scott (2012) The reactivity of human serum albumin toward trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. J Mass Spectrom 47:411-24
Ugur, Zafer; Coffey, Chelsea M; Gronert, Scott (2012) Comparing the efficiencies of hydrazide labels in the study of protein carbonylation in human serum albumin. Anal Bioanal Chem 404:1399-411