Psychosocial influences have been implicated in the etiology of several of the most common illnesses impacting human health (cardiovascular disease;diabetes;cancer). It has been hypothesized that these psychosocial effects are mediated through DNA-based biological changes, such as methylation alterations or telomere attrition. However, due to the paucity of research in this area, many questions remain: To what extent do epigenetic and acquired genomic changes accumulate over the human lifespan? Do childhood adversities result in biological changes that persist into adulthood? Can an adult who was exposed to childhood adversities be identified as """"""""at risk"""""""" for developing disease based on their epigenetic, gene expression, telomeric, chromosomal instability, and/or cortisol level profiles? To answer these questions we will study 736 twins who have completed intense phenotypic behavioral evaluations in previous studies (completed 2 to 15 years ago) and represent two risks groups: (1) twins experiencing the extreme childhood adversity event of sexual abuse;and (2) twins experiencing a broad spectrum of social experiences. Cohort 1 (ages 40-55) will comprise a selected sample of 50 identical twin pairs who are discordant for a history of childhood sexual abuse, as well as 50 identical concordant pairs who did (25 pairs) or did not (25 pairs) experience sexual abuse as a child. The biological endpoints that will be measured and compared between co-twins for this cohort include: (1) frequencies and locations of genome-wide methylation changes using a sequence-based approach;(2) chromosome-specific telomere lengths;(3) frequencies of acquired chromosomal instability;(4) patterns of gene expression;and (4) diurnal basal salivary cortisol levels. Cohort 2 (ages 20-30) will be comprised of a normative sample of monozygotic (157 pairs) and dizygotic (111 pairs) twin pairs for whom behavioral phenotypes have been carefully determined throughout adolescence into young adulthood. The data gained from the study of these twins will provide insight as to the potential cumulative effect of multiple adversities on embedded biological changes. The biological endpoints to be measured for this cohort (for whom blood samples have been previously collected and are readily available) include: (1) frequencies and locations of genome-wide methylation changes using array based methodology;and (2) gene expression patterns. Collectively, comparisons of observed alterations in biological endpoint measures (within and between twins) to phenotypic data collected from multiple stages in the human lifespan will allow us to deduce the extent to which the observed differences in biomarkers are influenced by childhood adversity, adult adversity, and/or other environmental stressors. The data from this investigation will lead to the first direct estimate of the frequency of epigenetic, telomere length, acquired chromosomal instability, gene expression, and/or cortisol level changes that arise in adults due to childhood adversities.

Public Health Relevance

The potential that environmental and social events can be biologically """"""""remembered"""""""" to result in an individual having an increased risk for developing health conditions many years later has only recently been recognized. In this study we will identify potential mediators of this biological memory by recognizing changes in genomic and epigenomic patterns that are acquired in adults as a result of adverse (as well as positive) childhood events. By collecting this information from our unique population of twins, which includes a selected sample of discordant identical pairs, as well as a population sample of identical and fraternal twins, we can determine if observed behavioral and health outcomes are associated with specific genetic or epigenetic changes. The data collected from this study will establish a relationship between the long-term, cumulative biological effects of early-life stresses on disease. Moreover, the information gained from this study could be exploited to develop a biomarker assay to recognize individuals who are at """"""""at risk"""""""" for acquiring illnesses, and/or lead to the development of therapeutic interventions to reduce adverse health outcomes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AG037986-04
Application #
8525292
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAG1-ZIJ-9 (M2))
Program Officer
King, Jonathan W
Project Start
2010-09-01
Project End
2015-05-31
Budget Start
2013-09-01
Budget End
2014-05-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$66,226
Indirect Cost
$22,120
Name
Virginia Commonwealth University
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
105300446
City
Richmond
State
VA
Country
United States
Zip Code
23298
Lind, Mackenzie J; Brown, Ruth C; Sheerin, Christina M et al. (2018) Does Parenting Influence the Enduring Impact of Severe Childhood Sexual Abuse on Psychiatric Resilience in Adulthood? Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 49:33-41
Starkweather, Angela; Kelly, Debra Lynch; Thacker, Leroy et al. (2017) Relationships among psychoneurological symptoms and levels of C-reactive protein over 2 years in women with early-stage breast cancer. Support Care Cancer 25:167-176
Lyon, Debra E; Cohen, Ronald; Chen, Huaihou et al. (2016) The relationship of cognitive performance to concurrent symptoms, cancer- and cancer-treatment-related variables in women with early-stage breast cancer: a 2-year longitudinal study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 142:1461-74
Wright, Michelle L; Starkweather, Angela R; York, Timothy P (2016) Mechanisms of the Maternal Exposome and Implications for Health Outcomes. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 39:E17-30
Wright, Michelle L; Dozmorov, Mikhail G; Wolen, Aaron R et al. (2016) Establishing an analytic pipeline for genome-wide DNA methylation. Clin Epigenetics 8:45
Lind, Mackenzie J; Aggen, Steven H; Kendler, Kenneth S et al. (2016) An epidemiologic study of childhood sexual abuse and adult sleep disturbances. Psychol Trauma 8:198-205
York, Timothy P; Strauss 3rd, Jerome F; Eaves, Lindon J (2015) A narrow heritability evaluation of gestational age at birth. Hum Genet 134:809-11
Montpetit, Alison J; Alhareeri, Areej A; Montpetit, Marty et al. (2014) Telomere length: a review of methods for measurement. Nurs Res 63:289-99
Starkweather, Angela R; Alhaeeri, Areej A; Montpetit, Alison et al. (2014) An integrative review of factors associated with telomere length and implications for biobehavioral research. Nurs Res 63:36-50
York, Timothy P; Brumelle, Jenni; Juusola, Jane et al. (2013) Increased frequency of micronuclei in adults with a history of childhood sexual abuse: a discordant monozygotic twin study. PLoS One 8:e55337