Good health starts in early life. In early childhood, children in 'healthy'families learn that they can rely on their carers for their physical and emotional wellbeing. This allows the child to develop behaviors and other assets that will enable them to maintain their own wellbeing in later life. When the family safety net is compromised in one or more ways, the emotional and physical development of young children is vulnerable. Early life adversity is a risk factor for adverse cardiometabolic health, and poorer cognitive and physical function - three aspects of healthy aging essential for longevity and the maintenance of independence in old age. Questions remain, however, about the pathways and mechanisms through which the adverse health consequences of early life adversity arise. Most research on this topic comes from studies with health measured at a single age in adulthood. Such studies cannot explore the dynamic relationships between early life adversity and changes in health across the life course. We will investigate this in longitudinal studies with repeated measures of health in 3 cohorts. Using repeated measures of health will enable us to assess whether some people remain resilient to the health effects of early adversity, whether some people with favorable health profiles at earlier ages experience deterioration in mid-life health, and the potential for reversibility, i.e. an improvement in health during mid-life. The role of adversity (.g. abusive or dysfunctional relationships) and resources (e.g. social support) experienced in adulthood also remains uncertain. In all 3 cohorts, we will examine whether adversity and resources in adulthood explain or alter the relationship between early adversity and trajectories of health. Risk factors such as smoking and obesity play a role in the generation of health inequalities, and interventions that reduce these risk factors would reduce the adverse health consequences of early life adversity. However, most of this evidence comes from studies with single measurements of smoking, obesity, etc. In all 3 cohorts, we will use repeated measurements of smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, mental health and personality traits, and explore their role in the relationship between early life adversity and later health. Our approach will enable us to identify detrimental or health-promoting behavioral or psychological trajectories. Finally, insufficient attention has been given in the literature to the biological mechanisms through which early life adversity affects later health. We will estimate the role of two biological processes, DNA methylation and cortisol, in the associations between early life adversity and trajectories of health.

Public Health Relevance

In early childhood, children in 'healthy'families learn that they can rely on their carers for their physical and emotional wellbeing. When the family safety net is compromised in one or more ways, the emotional and physical development of young children is vulnerable, and this may result in ill health in adulthood. This project seeks to understand the social and biological mechanisms through which early life adversity affects health in adulthood, using data from across the life course. The analysis we propose will lead to important insights that could inform the development of, or likely impact of, interventions that aim to prevent the adverse health consequences of early life adversity.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01AG048835-01
Application #
8797405
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAG1)
Program Officer
Nielsen, Lisbeth
Project Start
2014-09-30
Project End
2016-05-31
Budget Start
2014-09-30
Budget End
2015-05-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Bristol
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
Bristol
State
Country
United Kingdom
Zip Code
BS8 1TH
Magnus, Maria C; Anderson, Emma L; Howe, Laura D et al. (2018) Childhood psychosocial adversity and female reproductive timing: a cohort study of the ALSPAC mothers. J Epidemiol Community Health 72:34-40
Caleyachetty, Rishi; Hardy, Rebecca; Cooper, Rachel et al. (2018) Modeling Exposure to Multiple Childhood Social Risk Factors and Physical Capability and Common Affective Symptoms in Later Life. J Aging Health 30:386-407
Anderson, Emma L; Fraser, Abigail; Caleyachetty, Rishi et al. (2018) Associations of adversity in childhood and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in mid-adulthood. Child Abuse Negl 76:138-148
Lawn, Rebecca B; Anderson, Emma L; Suderman, Matthew et al. (2018) Psychosocial adversity and socioeconomic position during childhood and epigenetic age: analysis of two prospective cohort studies. Hum Mol Genet 27:1301-1308
Simpkin, Andrew J; Suderman, Matthew; Howe, Laura D (2017) Epigenetic clocks for gestational age: statistical and study design considerations. Clin Epigenetics 9:100
Anderson, Emma L; Heron, Jon; Ben-Shlomo, Yoav et al. (2017) Adversity in childhood and measures of aging in midlife: Findings from a cohort of british women. Psychol Aging 32:521-530
Anderson, Emma L; Caleyachetty, Rishi; Stafford, Mai et al. (2017) Prospective associations of psychosocial adversity in childhood with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adulthood: the MRC National Survey of Health and Development. Int J Equity Health 16:170
Simpkin, Andrew J; Cooper, Rachel; Howe, Laura D et al. (2017) Are objective measures of physical capability related to accelerated epigenetic age? Findings from a British birth cohort. BMJ Open 7:e016708
Howe, Laura D; Smith, Andrew D; Macdonald-Wallis, Corrie et al. (2016) Relationship between mediation analysis and the structured life course approach. Int J Epidemiol 45:1280-1294
Morris, T T; Northstone, K; Howe, L D (2016) Examining the association between early life social adversity and BMI changes in childhood: a life course trajectory analysis. Pediatr Obes 11:306-12

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