Age-related diseases are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Western society. Calorie restriction (CR), a dietary intervention which extends lifespan while delaying or preventing age-related disease, is one plausible approach to lessen the burden of these diseases, but reduced-calorie diets are notoriously difficult to sustain. Recent studies have highlighted an important role for dietary protein in health and longevity, with low protein (LP) diets shown to promote longevity and to mimic the metabolic benefits of CR. We have found that specifically reducing dietary consumption of the three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) ? leucine, isoleucine, and valine ? promotes metabolic health in both young and aged mice, and promotes longevity in progeroid mice. Determining the effect of Low BCAA diets on longevity, and identifying the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which dietary BCAAs influence metabolism, will provide mechanistic insight into the regulation of healthy aging. Eventually, this will permit the development of new pharmacological approaches to prevent or delay age-related diseases. Here, we will rigorously test the hypothesis that a Low BCAA diet can promote health and longevity in mice, examining the effect of long-term Low BCAA diet on lifespan, metabolic health, cardiac function and frailty. We will determine if reduced consumption of the BCAAs mediates the metabolic effects of CR and LP diets. Finally, we will examine the cell autonomous effects of the BCAAs and their catabolites on the function and metabolism of primary hepatocytes and pancreatic islets ex vivo using novel metabolic sensors, and test candidate molecular mediators of these effects. The proposed work will examine the role of the branched-chain amino acids on health and longevity for the first time, and address long-standing questions regarding how dietary quality ? the specific composition of the diet ? impacts healthy aging. Importantly, we will gain new insight into the physiological and molecular mechanisms that drive the potent effects of CR and LP diets. In the long term, this work will enable our laboratory and others to develop a mechanistic understanding of how dietary branched-chain amino acids and other macronutrients regulate health and disease vulnerability, and to identify new targets for the pharmacological treatment of age-related diseases and the promotion of healthy aging.

Public Health Relevance

As the population ages, the number of people suffering from age-related diseases is also increasing. Calorie restricted and low protein diets extend lifespan while preventing or delaying age-related diseases, but the precise dietary components that mediate these effects have not been identified. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein; the project proposed here will examine the role of the three branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine on health and longevity, and will identify new physiological and molecular mechanisms that can be targeted to promote healthy aging.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01AG056771-01A1
Application #
9468631
Study Section
Cellular Mechanisms in Aging and Development Study Section (CMAD)
Program Officer
Fridell, Yih-Woei
Project Start
2018-01-01
Project End
2022-12-31
Budget Start
2018-01-01
Budget End
2018-12-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Wisconsin Madison
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
161202122
City
Madison
State
WI
Country
United States
Zip Code
53715
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Yu, Deyang; Yang, Shany E; Miller, Blake R et al. (2018) Short-term methionine deprivation improves metabolic health via sexually dimorphic, mTORC1-independent mechanisms. FASEB J 32:3471-3482