Compounds with antiviral, antineoplastic, immunomodulatory, antifungal, and antibacterial activities will be identified in marine species and their structures will be assigned. These include antineoplastic compounds from Ecteinascidia turbinata and new components of the didemnin (antiviral, antineoplastic, immunosuppressive) complex from Trididemnum solidum, as well as compounds from other tunicates, sponges, and algae. Bioassays to be employed in identifying active extracts and isolated compounds include tests against Herpes simplex virus, type I, Vesicular stomatitis virus, visna virus, and HIV-1; reverse transcriptase; cytotoxicity assays with L1210 murine leukemia and CV-1 monkey kidney cells; brine shrimp assay and Agrobacterium tumefaciens potato tumor assay; B-cell and T-cell mitogenesis inhibition, mixed lymphocyte reaction; and antimicrobial assays against Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Penicillium atrovenetum. Compounds with antiviral, immunomodulatory, and cytotoxic activities will also be sought and identified in extensive collections of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), insects, and plant species. Structures of the antifungal polyene antibiotics hamycin and aureofungin will also be studied. In addition, structural studies will be carried out on pretunichlorins, unique nickel-containing chlorins from T. solidum, on hepatotoxins from cyanobacteria, on iron-transport hydroxamates from Hemophilus influenzae, and on a hibernation- and fasting-characteristic compound produced by black bears and humans.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI004769-31
Application #
3124207
Study Section
Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry Study Section (BNP)
Project Start
1977-05-01
Project End
1995-04-30
Budget Start
1992-05-01
Budget End
1993-04-30
Support Year
31
Fiscal Year
1992
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Department
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
041544081
City
Champaign
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
61820
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Sakai, R; Rinehart, K L; Kishore, V et al. (1996) Structure--activity relationships of the didemnins. J Med Chem 39:2819-34
Sings, H L; Bible, K C; Rinehart, K L (1996) Acyl tunichlorins: a new class of nickel chlorins isolated from the Caribbean tunicate Trididemnum solidum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:10560-5
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An, J; Carmichael, W W (1994) Use of a colorimetric protein phosphatase inhibition assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the study of microcystins and nodularins. Toxicon 32:1495-507
Luukkainen, R; Namikoshi, M; Sivonen, K et al. (1994) Isolation and identification of 12 microcystins from four strains and two bloom samples of Microcystis spp.: structure of a new hepatotoxin. Toxicon 32:133-9
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