Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a common factor that predisposes individuals to severe nosocomial infections, and acts as an important reservoir for harboring and spreading resistant strains. The disorder affects nearly a quarter of apparently healthy people and its molecular and cellular bases are unknown. Experiments from our pilot project revealed that SA nasal carriage may be due to impaired innate antimicrobial activity of nasal fluid. The protein expression levels of a major host defense polypeptide, lipocalin-1 (a scavenger of bacterial siderophores), was found to be reduced in human nasal fluid from donors whose nasal passageways were colonized by SA. In antibacterial studies, lipocalin-1 worked in concert with lysozyme to kill SA in vitro. Most importantly, lipocalin-1 could restore the intrinsic anti-SA activity of non-carrier nasal fluid selectively depleted of cationic polypeptides, and the restorative activity could be abolished by the addition of iron. In the aggregate, our findings clearly suggest an important correlation of lipocalin-1 deficiency with SA carriage. We hypothesize that 1) the expression of lipocalin-1 is dysregulated in the nasal mucosa of SA carriers, contributing to the progressive colonization of SA, 2) correcting the lipocalin-1 deficiency will reconstitute the antimicrobial activity of SA carrier nasal fluid against isolates of SA, and 3) SA augments the epithelial expression of lipocalin-1 and other host defense molecules, which contributes to preferential colonization of SA on carrier mucosa as compared with non- carrier mucosa. To test these hypotheses, we will: 1) Characterize the biological role of lipocalin-1 in SA nasal carriage, 2) Examine the influence of bacterial and host factors on the expression and anti-SA activity of lipocalin-1, and 3) Examine the contribution of human nasal epithelium to SA colonization. Our proposed studies represent a biologically relevant approach to identify and link causative factors of human airway disease (cationic polypeptide antimicrobials) with their effects (SA nasal carriage). Relevance to Public Health: SA carriage is of increasing clinical importance because hospital-acquired infections are commonly spread by people who carry antibiotic-resistant SA in their nostrils. Our studies will characterize factors responsible for SA carriage, and will continue to develop a very useful and natural model for studying the interactions of bacteria with a readily accessible mucosal surface in humans.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI060753-05
Application #
7736782
Study Section
Host Interactions with Bacterial Pathogens Study Section (HIBP)
Program Officer
Huntley, Clayton C
Project Start
2005-12-01
Project End
2011-11-30
Budget Start
2009-12-01
Budget End
2011-11-30
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$303,419
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Central Florida
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
150805653
City
Orlando
State
FL
Country
United States
Zip Code
32826
Cole, A L; Muthukrishnan, G; Chong, C et al. (2016) Host innate inflammatory factors and staphylococcal protein A influence the duration of human Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage. Mucosal Immunol 9:1537-1548
Muthukrishnan, Gowrishankar; Lamers, Ryan P; Ellis, Austin et al. (2013) Longitudinal genetic analyses of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage dynamics in a diverse population. BMC Infect Dis 13:221
Lamers, Ryan P; Muthukrishnan, Gowrishankar; Castoe, Todd A et al. (2012) Phylogenetic relationships among Staphylococcus species and refinement of cluster groups based on multilocus data. BMC Evol Biol 12:171
Lamers, Ryan P; Stinnett, Jason W; Muthukrishnan, Gowrishankar et al. (2011) Evolutionary analyses of Staphylococcus aureus identify genetic relationships between nasal carriage and clinical isolates. PLoS One 6:e16426
Muthukrishnan, Gowrishankar; Quinn, Gerry A; Lamers, Ryan P et al. (2011) Exoproteome of Staphylococcus aureus reveals putative determinants of nasal carriage. J Proteome Res 10:2064-78
Sivaraman, Karthikeyan; Cole, Alexander M (2009) Pathogenesis gene families in the common minimal genome of Staphylococcus aureus are hypervariable. FEBS Lett 583:1304-8
Sivaraman, Karthikeyan; Venkataraman, Nitya; Cole, Alexander M (2009) Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and its contributing factors. Future Microbiol 4:999-1008
Quinn, Gerry A; Tarwater, Patrick M; Cole, Alexander M (2009) Subversion of interleukin-1-mediated host defence by a nasal carrier strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Immunology 128:e222-9
Edstrom, Anneli M L; Malm, Johan; Frohm, Birgitta et al. (2008) The major bactericidal activity of human seminal plasma is zinc-dependent and derived from fragmentation of the semenogelins. J Immunol 181:3413-21
Sivaraman, Karthikeyan; Seshasayee, Aswinsainarain; Tarwater, Patrick M et al. (2008) Codon choice in genes depends on flanking sequence information--implications for theoretical reverse translation. Nucleic Acids Res 36:e16

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