Adenoviruses (Ad) are major causative agents of respiratory, ocular and gastrointestinal diseases. Replication-defective and conditionally replicating Ad vectors are also being employed in a significant number of human gene transfer trials as well as for the development of anti-microbial vaccines. Our proposed studies capitalize on the recent progress made and technology/expertise obtained in determining the first crystal structure of human adenovirus at 3.5 resolution. Even though significant structural insights were gained, a number of notable differences were found between the refined x-ray maps and the high-resolution cryoEM structures of the major capsid protein (hexon) as well as accessory proteins. Moreover, we still lack detailed knowledge of the location of the key cement protein, PVI, implicated in membrane penetration during cell entry. We propose to resolve the discrepancies with regards to the structure and identities of cement proteins, elucidate the critical protein-protein interactions that stabilize the Ad capsid by obtaining a refined model of HAdV, using heavy atom labeling of Met/Cys residues and/or by docking into the virus electron density maps the modular domains of accessory proteins, determined independently at high resolution. In addition, we will evaluate structure-function relationships of the altered Ad capsid by performing mutagenesis and infectivity studies. Specifically, this proposal will accomplish the above goals by: 1) accurately identifying the accessory proteins and the associated protein-protein interactions that stabilize the native AdV capsid and evaluate the conditions that affect the stability of the vertex region; 2) analyzing the structure-function relationships of the deletin mutants of cement proteins and the effectiveness of the modified Ad capsids in vector-based gene delivery and 3) determining the structure of immature AdV particles that represent an early stage of adenovirus assembly. These investigations and subsequent comparative analysis of their structures should provide greater understanding of the interactions that stabilize the adenovirus particle and structure-function relationships of the altered Ad types, which possess unique biophysical and biochemical characteristics.

Public Health Relevance

Adenoviruses (Ad) are large and complex non-enveloped viruses that cause respiratory, ocular and gastrointestinal diseases. Their use as vectors for gene transfer is currently limited by the lack of accurate knowledge on the three dimensional (3D) structure. The proposed studies are aimed at accurately identifying the accessory proteins and their protein-protein interactions that stabilize the Ad capsid, by model refinement, heavy atom labeling studies as well as accompanying structure-function studies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI070771-07
Application #
8837554
Study Section
Virology - A Study Section (VIRA)
Program Officer
Park, Eun-Chung
Project Start
2006-07-01
Project End
2017-04-30
Budget Start
2015-05-01
Budget End
2017-04-30
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Scripps Research Institute
Department
Type
DUNS #
781613492
City
La Jolla
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
92037
Reddy, Vijay S (2017) The Role of Hexon Protein as a Molecular Mold in Patterning the Protein IX Organization in Human Adenoviruses. J Mol Biol 429:2747-2751
Snijder, Joost; Borst, Andrew J; Dosey, Annie et al. (2017) Vitrification after multiple rounds of sample application and blotting improves particle density on cryo-electron microscopy grids. J Struct Biol 198:38-42
Yu, Xiaodi; Veesler, David; Campbell, Melody G et al. (2017) Cryo-EM structure of human adenovirus D26 reveals the conservation of structural organization among human adenoviruses. Sci Adv 3:e1602670
Reddy, Vijay S (2016) Application of the phase extension method in virus crystallography. Crystallogr Rev 22:128-140
Huynh, Nhung T; Hesketh, Emma L; Saxena, Pooja et al. (2016) Crystal Structure and Proteomics Analysis of Empty Virus-like Particles of Cowpea Mosaic Virus. Structure 24:567-575
Kremer, Eric J; Nemerow, Glen R (2015) Adenovirus tales: from the cell surface to the nuclear pore complex. PLoS Pathog 11:e1004821
Reddy, Vijay S; Nemerow, Glen R (2014) Reply to Campos: Revised structures of adenovirus cement proteins represent a consensus model for understanding virus assembly and disassembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:E4544-5
Reddy, Vijay S; Nemerow, Glen R (2014) Structures and organization of adenovirus cement proteins provide insights into the role of capsid maturation in virus entry and infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:11715-20
Benevento, Marco; Di Palma, Serena; Snijder, Joost et al. (2014) Adenovirus composition, proteolysis, and disassembly studied by in-depth qualitative and quantitative proteomics. J Biol Chem 289:11421-30
Snijder, Joost; Benevento, Marco; Moyer, Crystal L et al. (2014) The cleaved N-terminus of pVI binds peripentonal hexons in mature adenovirus. J Mol Biol 426:1971-9

Showing the most recent 10 out of 16 publications