Salmonella-induced gastroenteritis is the single most common cause of death from food-borne illnesses associated with viruses, parasites or bacteria in the US. Our long-range goal is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of S. enterica serotype Typhimurium-induced gastroenteritis. The objectives of this application are to study the bacterial factors involved in initiating inflammatory responses and characterize effector mechanisms that help to contain this invasive pathogen. Our central hypothesis is that initiating responses trigger a local interleukin IL-17 amplification loop, which leads to neutrophil recruitment and defensin production. We will test different aspects of our hypothesis and accomplish the objectives of this application by pursuing the following specific aims: 1. Induction phase: Determine the mechanisms involved in the initiation of host responses. We will test the working hypothesis that pattern recognition is involved in initiating inflammatory responses in the calf model. 2. Effector phase: Define the molecular pathways of inducible effector function of epithelial cells. We will test the working hypothesis that IL-17 paracrine signaling drives a two-pronged innate immune response by inducing expression in the intestinal epithelium of both CXC chemokines and defensins. The proposed work is innovative because it uses a new animal model, the calf, to study gastroenteritis. It is our expectation that our approach will establish key events leading to neutrophil influx during gastroenteritis. This outcome will be significant because it will provide insights into basic mechanism of intestinal inflammation.

Public Health Relevance

Mice are attractive model organisms for studying the complex series of interactions between pathogens and different cell types in vivo, but innate host responses observed in this species do not always reproduce accurately those in the human intestinal mucosa. As a result, some of the fundamental mechanisms leading to intestinal inflammation in humans have remained poorly understood. We have assembled a research team of well-prepared investigators who propose to fill this gap in knowledge by employing a new animal model, the bovine host, which closely resembles the human with regard to clinical manifestations, pathological changes and changes in host gene expression observed during S. Typhimurium infection.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI076246-03
Application #
8034712
Study Section
Host Interactions with Bacterial Pathogens Study Section (HIBP)
Program Officer
Alexander, William A
Project Start
2009-03-01
Project End
2014-02-28
Budget Start
2011-03-01
Budget End
2012-02-29
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$502,534
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Davis
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
047120084
City
Davis
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
95618
Keestra-Gounder, A Marijke; Byndloss, Mariana X; Seyffert, Núbia et al. (2016) NOD1 and NOD2 signalling links ER stress with inflammation. Nature 532:394-7
Vázquez-Torres, Andrés; Bäumler, Andreas J (2016) Nitrate, nitrite and nitric oxide reductases: from the last universal common ancestor to modern bacterial pathogens. Curr Opin Microbiol 29:1-8
Rivera-Chávez, Fabian; Zhang, Lillian F; Faber, Franziska et al. (2016) Depletion of Butyrate-Producing Clostridia from the Gut Microbiota Drives an Aerobic Luminal Expansion of Salmonella. Cell Host Microbe 19:443-54
Elfenbein, Johanna R; Knodler, Leigh A; Nakayasu, Ernesto S et al. (2015) Multicopy Single-Stranded DNA Directs Intestinal Colonization of Enteric Pathogens. PLoS Genet 11:e1005472
Spees, Alanna M; Kingsbury, Dawn D; Wangdi, Tamding et al. (2014) Neutrophils are a source of gamma interferon during acute Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colitis. Infect Immun 82:1692-7
O'Donnell, Hope; Pham, Oanh H; Li, Lin-xi et al. (2014) Toll-like receptor and inflammasome signals converge to amplify the innate bactericidal capacity of T helper 1 cells. Immunity 40:213-24
Keestra, A Marijke; Bäumler, Andreas J (2014) Detection of enteric pathogens by the nodosome. Trends Immunol 35:123-30
Wu, Jing; Pugh, Roberta; Laughlin, Richard C et al. (2014) High-throughput assay to phenotype Salmonella enterica Typhimurium association, invasion, and replication in macrophages. J Vis Exp :e51759
Laughlin, Richard C; Knodler, Leigh A; Barhoumi, Roula et al. (2014) Spatial segregation of virulence gene expression during acute enteric infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. MBio 5:e00946-13
Winter, Sebastian E; Winter, Maria G; Xavier, Mariana N et al. (2013) Host-derived nitrate boosts growth of E. coli in the inflamed gut. Science 339:708-11

Showing the most recent 10 out of 44 publications