Tuberculosis is a global disease of immense impact on mankind. More people die of tuberculosis each year than due to other diseases. The available BCG vaccine is partially protective against children and is not effective against adult disease. We have determined that one major factor that contributes to the reduced efficacy of BCG vaccine is its ability to prevent effective antigen processing in macrophages. We also discovered that a mutant vaccine from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (?fbpA) protects mice better than BCG. This investigation will therefore use this candidate vaccine and test the hypothesis that improved 'peptide antigen processing'in dendritic cells will pave the way for development of a more effective vaccine against tuberculosis. Due to phagosome maturation arrest, structural antigens of BCG vaccine remain sequestered within phagosomes while its secreted antigens are minimally processed for MHC-II and MHC-I peptide epitopes. In contrast, ?fbpA novel vaccine undergoes limited phagosome maturation, with enhanced peptide presentation for MHC-II pathway and we hypothesize that it also presents peptides through MHC-I mechanism. Unlike the currently used BCG vaccine, ?fbpA has intact ESAT-6 and CFP-10 proteins and we will enhance antigenicity by modification of pathogen components through selective deletion of genes as well as over expression of ESAT-6, Ag85B and CFP-10 antigens. We will therefore identify pathogen components that elicit protective immune responses relevant to vaccine design and prepare novel vaccine constructs through genetic engineering with increased immunogenicity and safety. The major goal of this proposal is to develop a phagosome maturation competent derivative of ?fbpA vaccine that is expected to be more efficiently processed by dendritic cells to present more immunogenic peptides than previous vaccines.
The aims are to- I) Investigate the intracellular strategies that increase the immunogenicity of ?fbpA candidate vaccine by enhancing the presentation of MHC-II peptides, and II) Characterize the MHC-I peptides that increase the immunogenicity of ?fbpA candidate vaccine.

Public Health Relevance

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death due to bacterial infections and prevention of this disease through a vaccine will have an impact on the public health and future of mankind. AIDS and tuberculosis is a deadly combination in sub saharan Africa and Asia and efforts are also needed to develop polyvalent vaccines. This proposal addresses this issue as well. This is a research grant proposal that seeks to develop a new vaccine for tuberculosis using genetic manipulations of the wild type Mycobacterium tuberculosis. An initial candidate vaccine that lacks Ag85A (?fbpA) has already been produced that shows promising vaccine efficacy due to its nature of limited phagosome maturation leading to enhanced antigen presentation. The highly immunogenic vaccine can be potentially used as a polyvalent carrier vaccine and in a safer form for multiple diseases of the human disease. The project is a collaborative proposal which involves investigators at the University of Heath Sciences Center Houston (Dr. Jagannath and Dr. Hunter) University of Heath Sciences Center-San Antonio (Dr. Dhandayuthapani) and University of Oklahoma (Dr. William Hildebrand). The teams will perform vaccine evaluation, genetic re-construction and epitope discovery in a highly synergistic manner and boost our existing knowledge on anti-tuberculosis vaccines.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01AI078420-01A2
Application #
7585073
Study Section
Vaccines Against Microbial Diseases (VMD)
Program Officer
Lacourciere, Karen A
Project Start
2009-07-01
Project End
2014-06-30
Budget Start
2009-07-01
Budget End
2010-06-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$463,509
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Texas Health Science Center Houston
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
800771594
City
Houston
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
77225
Hunter, Robert L; Actor, Jefrey K; Hwang, Shen-An et al. (2018) Pathogenesis and Animal Models of Post-Primary (Bronchogenic) Tuberculosis, A Review. Pathogens 7:
Hunter, Robert L (2016) Primate models of tuberculosis. Faith-based or evidence-based science. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 101:54-55
Hunter, Robert L (2016) Tuberculosis as a three-act play: A new paradigm for the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 97:8-17
Bakhru, Pearl; Sirisaengtaksin, Natalie; Soudani, Emily et al. (2014) BCG vaccine mediated reduction in the MHC-II expression of macrophages and dendritic cells is reversed by activation of Toll-like receptors 7 and 9. Cell Immunol 287:53-61
Hunter, Robert L; Actor, Jeffrey K; Hwang, Shen-An et al. (2014) Pathogenesis of post primary tuberculosis: immunity and hypersensitivity in the development of cavities. Ann Clin Lab Sci 44:365-87
Saikolappan, Sankaralingam; Estrella, Jaymie; Sasindran, Smitha J et al. (2012) The fbpA/sapM double knock out strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is highly attenuated and immunogenic in macrophages. PLoS One 7:e36198
Jagannath, Chinnaswamy; Bakhru, Pearl (2012) Rapamycin-induced enhancement of vaccine efficacy in mice. Methods Mol Biol 821:295-303
Li, Qingbo; Singh, Christopher R; Ma, Shuyi et al. (2011) Label-free proteomics and systems biology analysis of mycobacterial phagosomes in dendritic cells and macrophages. J Proteome Res 10:2425-39
Saikolappan, Sankaralingam; Das, Kishore; Sasindran, Smitha J et al. (2011) OsmC proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis protect against organic hydroperoxide stress. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 91 Suppl 1:S119-27
Singh, Christopher R; Bakhru, Pearl; Khan, Arshad et al. (2011) Cutting edge: Nicastrin and related components of ýý-secretase generate a peptide epitope facilitating immune recognition of intracellular mycobacteria, through MHC class II-dependent priming of T cells. J Immunol 187:5495-9