The recent introduction of a highly pathogenic strains of West Nile Virus (WNV) into naive populations in Europe, Israel and the United States have resulted in epidemics with a marked increase in both the number of reported cases and the severity of disease compared to previous outbreaks. The increased virulence of the recently emerged strain of WNV is further complicated by the fact that antiviral therapies and vaccines are not currently available for use in humans. The molecular mechanisms for the increase in pathogenesis of WNV are currently unknown but are likely to include novel viral-host interactions that allow the virus to overcome or evade the host innate and/or adaptive immune response. Our preliminary studies indicate that pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of WNV differ dramatically in their interactions with innate antiviral programs. This suggests that the comparison of the antiviral responses to pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of WNV will provide key insights in viral factors involved in WNV- mediated pathogenesis.
The specific aim of this proposal are (1) Determination of the pattern recognition receptors involved in detecting pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of WNV (2) Identification of agonists of the innate antiviral response generated during WNV infection and (3) Determination of viral factors responsible for WNV virulence. A greater understanding of how strains with difference virulence phenotypes interact with the innate antiviral response will aid in the development of effective vaccines and therapeutic agents.

Public Health Relevance

The ability of the cell to detect and respond to an invading pathogen is critical to its ability to defend itself against infections. This proposal will examine how cells detect West Nile virus infections and conversely the mechanisms the virus utilizes to control the cellular environment.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01AI083397-01
Application #
7698592
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-IDM-P (02))
Program Officer
Repik, Patricia M
Project Start
2009-08-07
Project End
2013-07-31
Budget Start
2009-08-07
Budget End
2010-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$337,500
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Maryland College Park
Department
Anatomy/Cell Biology
Type
Schools of Earth Sciences/Natur
DUNS #
790934285
City
College Park
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
20742
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Hussmann, Katherine L; Vandergaast, Rianna; Zheng, Kang et al. (2014) Structural proteins of West Nile virus are a major determinant of infectious particle production and fitness in astrocytes. J Gen Virol 95:1991-2003
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Hussmann, Katherine L; Samuel, Melanie A; Kim, Kwang S et al. (2013) Differential replication of pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of West Nile virus within astrocytes. J Virol 87:2814-22
Shipley, Jennifer German; Vandergaast, Rianna; Deng, Lu et al. (2012) Identification of multiple RIG-I-specific pathogen associated molecular patterns within the West Nile virus genome and antigenome. Virology 432:232-8
Vandergaast, Rianna; Fredericksen, Brenda L (2012) West Nile virus (WNV) replication is independent of autophagy in mammalian cells. PLoS One 7:e45800