The goal of this project is to understand how ?B-Ras1 and ?B-Ras2, members of an unusual sub-class of Ras-like proteins, are regulated, and how they in turn regulate pathways leading to NF-?B and Ral GTPases. These proteins were originally discovered through their physical interaction with the I?B protein, and in vitro and overexpression experiments indicated that they are inhibitors of NF-?B. However the true physiological role of these proteins has remained unclear. Our preliminary results using knock-outs of both ?B-ras genes shows that they act to inhibit both NF-?B and Ral GTPase pathways. Interestingly, mice lacking ?B-Ras proteins also die perinatally due to defects in lung development. In this research proposal we aim to ask the following questions.
In Aim 1 we will study how ?B-Ras actually regulates NF-?B. While affecting the stability of I?B is a likely mechanism, many questions about exactly how ?B-Ras functions remains unanswered. Availability of cells lacking ?B-Ras will allow us to explore the underlying mechanism in a systematic manner. We will also use mice lacking ?B-Ras in macrophages to study mouse models of inflammation including septic shock and collagen-induced arthritis.
In Aim 2 we will ask how ?B-Ras regulates Ral, and determine whether activated Ral contributes to NF-?B activation. We will study the mechanism by which growth factor signaling disrupts the ?B-Ras-RalGAP complex, and determine why binding to ?B-Ras inhibits the activity of RalGAP. We will also test whether the activated Ral in ?B-Ras deficient cells contributes to NF-?B activation. Finally in Aim 3 we will explore the lung phenotype seen in the ?B-Ras-deficient animals. We will study the mechanism of dysregulated surfactant expression, in particular the role of NF-?B in the process. In summary these studies will provide significant new insight into the biology of these evolutionarily conserved, yet enigmatic, members of this Ras-like family of proteins.
Chronic inflammation underlies many diseases such as arthritis, asthma and cancer. The transcription factor NF-?B plays a key role in regulating inflammation and understanding the molecular mechanism that regulates NF-?B is of great interest. In this proposal we will determine how ?B-ras proteins regulate the activity of NF-?B and Ral GTPases, and determine why lack of ?B-Ras leads to defects in lung development.
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| Oeckinghaus, Andrea; Ghosh, Sankar (2009) The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors and its regulation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 1:a000034 |
