Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, is a major health problem responsible for 1.7 million deaths each year. The emergence of multiply and extensively drug resistant strains of Mtb makes the situation even more alarming as it raises concern about untreatable tuberculosis. There is an urgent need to develop new drugs to treat tuberculosis. Many bacterial pathogens possess a twin arginine translocation (Tat) pathway that exports proteins to the bacterial cell envelope or host environment. Mammalian cells do not have a Tat pathway, making this pathway an attractive candidate for novel antimicrobials. The Tat pathway of Mtb is a particularly compelling drug target: it is an essential pathway in Mtb, it exports Mtb virulence factors, and it exports the Mtb ?-lactamase that imparts resistance to ?-lactam antibiotics. In this project we will develop robust high-throughput screening (HTS) assays for identifying inhibitors of the Mtb Tat pathway. Whole-cell phenotypic assays will be developed using the fast-growing and nonpathogenic model mycobacteria M. smegmatis (Msmeg). The Tat pathway of Msmeg is not essential but it is necessary for ?-lactam resistance.
In Aim 1, we will develop a primary screening assay for Tat inhibitors that is based on the ?-lactam sensitivity of Msmeg mutants lacking the Tat pathway.
In Aim 2, we will develop secondary assays to distinguish compounds that elicit ?-lactam sensitivity through Tat inhibition as opposed to other mechanisms. Assays for establishing target-specificity and for testing on virulent Mtb will also be developed.
In Aim 3, w will perform pilot screening to assess the effectiveness of our assays and the screening cascade with hits progressing to testing on Mtb. The compounds identified through this research will help to validate the Mtb Tat pathway as a novel drug target and they will also be valuable as the first chemical probes for studying the Tat pathway of bacteria. Upon completion of this work, we intend to apply for Fast Track entry of our screening campaign into the NIH Molecular Libraries Probe Production Centers Network.

Public Health Relevance

With the emergence of multiply and extensively drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, the need to develop new drugs for tuberculosis is greater than ever. The twin arginine translocation (Tat) pathway of M. tuberculosis is a good candidate for being a novel drug target. In this project, we will develop automated high-throughput screening assays to use for identifying inhibitors of the twin arginine translocation (Tat) pathway of M. tuberculosis. The compounds identified with these assays will validate the Tat pathway as a novel drug target and serve as leads for development of new tuberculosis drugs.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI099969-02
Application #
8434858
Study Section
Drug Discovery and Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance Study Section (DDR)
Program Officer
Boyce, Jim P
Project Start
2012-03-01
Project End
2015-02-28
Budget Start
2013-03-01
Budget End
2014-02-28
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$347,800
Indirect Cost
$112,800
Name
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
608195277
City
Chapel Hill
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27599
Cheng, Nancy; Porter, Melissa A; Frick, Lloyd W et al. (2014) Filtration improves the performance of a high-throughput screen for anti-mycobacterial compounds. PLoS One 9:e96348