Altering the course of the global AIDS epidemic will likely require the implementation of means to prevent the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). With no practical HIV-1 vaccine on the horizon, modalities that would allow women to protect themselves from sexually acquired HIV-1 infection could exert an immediate and significant impact on global HIV-1 incidence. An attractive prophylactic approach involves the interruption of virus entry into the host cell, the earliest event in the HIV-1 life cycle. Small-molecule CD4- mimetic compounds (smCMCs) bind within a conserved pocket on the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) spike and block the entry of the virus into the cell. In addition to interfering with the binding of HIV-1 to the CD4 receptor on the target cell, smCMCs also induce conformational changes in Env, irreversibly inactivating its function. The binding of smCMCs also renders Env susceptible to inhibition by antibodies that can be elicited by currently available HIV-1 Env vaccine candidates. Thus, in addition to their direct antiviral effect, smCMCs can potentially synergize with vaccine-elicited antibodies to neutralize incoming HIV-1. In this proposal, we will formulate a newly developed smCMC for sustained vaginal delivery via a pod- intravaginal ring. The design parameters of the pod-intravaginal ring will be modified to optimize the release of the smCMC. We will evaluate the vaginal delivery of the smCMC, as well as systemic absorption and potential side effects, in monkeys. We will then examine the ability of the optimized pod-intravaginal ring delivering a smCMC, alone or in combination with an Env-elicited antibody response, to protect monkeys from multiple low- dose intravaginal challenges with a simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). Establishing the ability of the pod-intravaginal ring to deliver protective concentrations of the smCMC to the vaginal mucosa of monkeys in a sustained manner will set the stage for clinical testing of this prophylactic approach in women.

Public Health Relevance

The global AIDS pandemic is sustained by continued sexual transmission of the etiologic agent, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). We will investigate whether a pod-intravaginal ring can deliver a recently developed small-molecule virus entry inhibitor to the vaginal tract and thereby establish a long-term block to HIV-1 sexual infection. We will also test whether the small molecule can increase the protective efficacy of antibodies elicited by an HIV-1 vaccine.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI134494-02
Application #
9522176
Study Section
AIDS Discovery and Development of Therapeutics Study Section (ADDT)
Program Officer
Warren, Jon T
Project Start
2017-07-14
Project End
2022-06-30
Budget Start
2018-07-01
Budget End
2019-06-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Department
Type
DUNS #
076580745
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
Princiotto, Amy M; Vrbanac, Vladimir D; Melillo, Bruno et al. (2018) A Small-Molecule CD4-Mimetic Compound Protects Bone Marrow-Liver-Thymus Humanized Mice From HIV-1 Infection. J Infect Dis 218:471-475