Transplantation tolerance, a state in which immunosuppression can be stopped while grafts remain functional, is a major goal in clinical transplantation field as it promises to reduce side effects, costs and non-adherence consequences associated with the current need for life-long immunosuppression. Tolerance can be spontaneously achieved in rare recipients of kidney allografts and more frequently in liver transplant recipients. In some cases tolerance is stable, while in others the allografts eventually fail. Emerging data have led us to hypothesize that robust peripherally induced transplantation tolerance depends on multiple redundant cell- intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms to control alloreactive T and B cells. This proposal focuses of defining the mechanisms that control alloreactive B cells. This focus is based on considerable experimental and clinical data that donor-specific antibody (DSA) is an independent barrier to long-term graft acceptance, and clinical observation that the development of antibodies in tolerant patients leads ultimately to allograft rejection. Over the past few years, my laboratory has focused on tracing the fate of endogenous alloreactive B cells in transplantation rejection and tolerance. Here, we propose to build on our exciting preliminary observations made in a mouse model of cardiac allograft tolerance that donor-specific B cells are not completely deleted but acquire a cell-autonomous dysfunctional state that prevents their differentiation into antibody-secreting cells and that is resistant to T cell help. However, these tolerant cells are not completely inert and, remarkably, are able to suppress nave B cells in a donor-specific manner. We propose to define the:
Aim 1. in vivo cellular requirements for donor-reactive B cells to become intrinsically tolerant;
Aim 2. mechanisms maintaining donor- specific B cell-intrinsic tolerance and preventing their development into antibody-secreting cells;
Aim 3. Mechanisms and consequences of tolerant B cell-mediated suppression. We anticipate that the completion of these studies will provide insights into novel mechanisms that result in and maintain B cell tolerance, biomarkers that distinguish tolerant B cells from nave or effector/memory B cells, and potential therapeutic targets for controlling allograft-specific antibody responses in transplant recipients.

Public Health Relevance

(Relevance) Transplantation is the only cure for end-stage organ failure; however, successful transplantation requires life-long immunosuppression that can result in significant morbidity and the grafts remain susceptible to immune-mediated rejection. This proposal focuses on understanding how donor-specific B cells become lose their ability to secrete allograft-specific antibodies and gain the ability to prevent other B cells from secreting allograft-specific antibodies. Insights gained from the proposed studies should lead to a better understanding of B cell dysfunction, and provide guidance for the diagnosis of, and new strategies for inducing, donor-specific B cell tolerance in the clinic.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI142747-02
Application #
9984261
Study Section
Transplantation, Tolerance, and Tumor Immunology Study Section (TTT)
Program Officer
Bridges, Nancy D
Project Start
2019-08-01
Project End
2023-07-31
Budget Start
2020-08-01
Budget End
2021-07-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Chicago
Department
Surgery
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
005421136
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60637