The long-term objective of this project is to define the effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and glucocorticoids on the cAMP pathway for parathyroid hormone (PTH) action on the osteoblast in culture, from the point of PTH binding to cellular functional responses that can be understood at the tissue level. These studies relate to understanding the mechanisms of glucocorticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, more effective and rational, use of vitamin D metabolites in this disease, and the possibility of devising other therapeutic agents which also antagonize the skeletal effects of glucocorticoids. The rationale for the approach originated with our observations that 1,25(OH)2D completely antagonizes the effect of glucocorticoid to increase the cAMP response of cell culture models of the osteoblast to PTH . Important new data show that these effects are mediated predominantly at the level of PTH-R regulation and the effects are transmitted to the next step in the cAMP pathway, the protein kinase. We have characterized PTH stimulation of mRNA for the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). This enzyme is believed to play a crucial role in the osteoblast's ability to signal the need for bone resorption. Three hypotheses will be tested in the continuation of the project. (1) 1,25D and GC have opposing regulatory effects on transduction of the PTH signal into functional responses in normal osteoblasts. (2) As a consequence of modulating PKA activity, 1,25D and GC alter effects of PTH cyclase catalytic subunit in order to accommodate the changes in PTH receptor number that they induce. For hypothesis (1) we shall: (a) determine the effects of 1,25D and GC on the dose-response relationship for PTH stimulation of tPA mRNA; (b) demonstrate that PTH acts to increase transcription of tPA mRNA; (c) identify the individual cells expressing tPA mRNA in response to PTH as osteoblasts by showing they contain alkaline phosphatase and do not synthesize type III collagen. For hypothesis (2) we shall determine, in ROS 17/2.8 cells, the effects of 1,25D and GC on (a) the dose-response for PTH activation of protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 and (b) the dose-response for PTH activation of the high affinity (Type III) cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE). For hypothesis (3) we shall use both ROS 17/2.8 and UMR106 cells to (a) measure the effect of 1,25D and GC on the amount and turnover number of the adenylate cyclase catalytic subunit and its relationship to PTH receptor number and (b) demonstrate that the amount of immunoreactive Gs (a) protein solubilized from membranes is in excess relative to PTH receptor number and adenylate cyclase. Routine procedures include primary culture of osteoblasts, radioimmunoassay of cAMP, adenylate cyclase assay, PTH radioreceptor assay, electrophoresis and DNA hybridization analysis of mRNA. In situ hybridization of mRNA in cultures will be performed with the collaboration of a local expert in this technique. Adenylate cyclase catalytic subunit will be measured by [3H] forskolin binding, Gs protein by RIA; serine protein phosphatase and cAMP phosphodiesterase assays will be performed after chromatographic separation.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AR032196-08
Application #
3156226
Study Section
General Medicine B Study Section (GMB)
Project Start
1987-04-01
Project End
1995-03-31
Budget Start
1992-04-01
Budget End
1993-03-31
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
1992
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Emory University
Department
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
042250712
City
Atlanta
State
GA
Country
United States
Zip Code
30322
Catherwood, B D; Titus, L; Evans, C O et al. (1994) Increased expression of tissue plasminogen activator messenger ribonucleic acid is an immediate response to parathyroid hormone in neonatal rat osteoblasts. Endocrinology 134:1429-36
Titus, L; Marzilli, L G; Rubin, J et al. (1993) Rat osteoblasts and ROS 17/2.8 cells contain a similar protein tyrosine phosphatase. Bone Miner 23:267-84
Nanes, M S; Rubin, J; Titus, L et al. (1991) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-stimulated bone Gla protein synthesis in rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8) by a pretranslational mechanism. Endocrinology 128:2577-82
Nanes, M S; Rubin, J; Titus, L et al. (1990) Interferon-gamma inhibits 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-stimulated synthesis of bone GLA protein in rat osteosarcoma cells by a pretranslational mechanism. Endocrinology 127:588-94
Titus, L; Rubin, J E; Nanes, M S et al. (1989) Glucocorticoid and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D modulate the degree of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase isoenzyme I and II activation by parathyroid hormone in rat osteosarcoma cells. Endocrinology 125:2806-11
Rubin, J; Carney, M; Catherwood, B (1988) Expression of C5a anaphylatoxin receptor in monoblastic cells involves facilitation of an adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent process. Endocrinology 123:2424-31
Titus, L; Rubin, J E; Lorang, M T et al. (1988) Glucocorticoids and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulate parathyroid hormone stimulation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase in rat osteosarcoma cells. Endocrinology 123:1526-34