The overall goal of this project is to identify and characterize intermediate calcium carriers which have a common mineralizing function in distantly related organism and to determine how carrier-bound calcium ions are utilized to form a crystalline mineral phase. As a working hypothesis, it is proposed that polyanionic macromolecules function as intermediate calcium carriers, i.e. that polyanions are charged with mineral ions intracellularly and are subsequently degraded at calcifying foci releasing mineral ions for crystal growth.
The specific aims are designed to test the carrier hypothesis in two homogeneous cell populations and in a complex metazoan tissue.
The first aim i s to identify and characterize the calcium-binding polyuronides that are apparently degraded at the mineralization front in coccolithophorid algae. The kinetics of polyuronide turnover will be analyzed to determine if there is a one-to-one correspondence between the number of calcium ions released via the degradation of these polyanions and the number of calcium ions deposited in the mineral phase.
The second aim i s to determine whether the spicule-forming primary mesenchyme cells derived from sea urchin embryos express a polyanionic calcium-binding phosphoprotein(s). If a protein with these properties is expressed, its calcium-binding capacity and rate of turnover will be analyzed in relation to the rate of calcium deposition in the spicules.
The third aim i s to examine the self-association of a bone phosphoprotein osteopontin in the presence of calcium, magnesium and phosphate ions. The purpose of this study is to determine whether osteopontin forms discrete aggregates containing sequestered Ca3 (PO4)2-like complexes similar to known calcium- carriers, e.g. casein.
The fourth aim i s to examine the distribution of phosphoproteins in the matrix of embryonic chick calvaria to determine whether matrix phosphoprotein is preferentially concentrated at mineralizing foci. This project is relevant to normal skeletal and pathological calcification processes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AR036239-10
Application #
3157502
Study Section
Oral Biology and Medicine Subcommittee 1 (OBM)
Project Start
1985-01-01
Project End
1995-06-30
Budget Start
1993-07-01
Budget End
1994-06-30
Support Year
10
Fiscal Year
1993
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Texas Health Science Center Houston
Department
Type
Schools of Dentistry
DUNS #
City
Houston
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
77225