Myosin IX is a member of the diverse myosin superfamily and distributed in a variety of tissues, however, its physiological function is unclear. A most intriguing finding is that myosin IX is a single headed processive motor with reverse directionality. Furthermore, it contains Rho GAP domain in its tail and Ras binding domain in its head domain, suggesting its function as a motor protein carrying signaling function. However, myosin IX function and regulation at a molecular level are largely unknown. The goal of the proposed project is to clarify the molecular mechanism of function and regulation of myosin IX. First, we will study how the single-headed myosin IX can move processively on actin filaments. The best approach to show the processive movement of myosin IX is the use of single molecule analysis. We will employ two techniques, i.e., mechanical measurement with optical trap nanometry and direct visualization of the movement by total internal reflection (TIRF) microscopy. The rotational motion of myosin IX on actin will be monitored by visualizing the movement of bead attached myosin IX on actin filament. Second, the conformational changes of myosin IX during the mechanical cycle will be studied by single molecule polarization TIRF microscopy that measures the angular change of myosin head, X-ray solution scattering that can determine the overall structural changes of myosin IX with 0.1nm resolution, and 3D image reconstitution of the structure of actin filament decorated with myosin IX with cryo-electron microscopy. Third, the kinetic analysis of acto-myosin IX will be done. The cross-bridge cycling of myosin is closely related with the myosin's ATPase cycle, therefore, the analysis of each kinetic step of acto-myosin IX is anticipated to yield the critical information to understand the motor mechanism of myosin IX. Fourth, we will clarify the structural elements that determine the processivity and the reverse directionality of myosin IX. Our recent finding that Rho kinase activates myosin IX motor activity sheds a light to understanding the regulation of myosin IX. We will further define the regulatory mechanism of myosin IX at the molecular and the cellular levels. In order to achieve the goal, we plan to use recombinant DNA technology as a means of production of engineered myosin IX and its mutants. The purified engineered myosin IX will be subjected to functional analysis by various biophysical, biochemical and electron microscopy techniques with particular emphasis on a single molecule assay system. The proposed project will clarify the function and regulation of myosin IX, a unique member of myosin super family, thus provide a new insight into the mechanism of actin based motility.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AR048898-02
Application #
6736927
Study Section
Biophysical Chemistry Study Section (BBCB)
Program Officer
Nuckolls, Glen H
Project Start
2003-04-15
Project End
2008-03-31
Budget Start
2004-04-01
Budget End
2005-03-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2004
Total Cost
$373,650
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester
Department
Physiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
603847393
City
Worcester
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
01655
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An, Byung Chull; Sakai, Tsuyoshi; Komaba, Shigeru et al. (2014) Phosphorylation of the kinase domain regulates autophosphorylation of myosin IIIA and its translocation in microvilli. Biochemistry 53:7835-45
Umeki, Nobuhisa; Jung, Hyun Suk; Sakai, Tsuyoshi et al. (2011) Phospholipid-dependent regulation of the motor activity of myosin X. Nat Struct Mol Biol 18:783-8
Sakai, Tsuyoshi; Umeki, Nobuhisa; Ikebe, Reiko et al. (2011) Cargo binding activates myosin VIIA motor function in cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:7028-33
Komaba, Shigeru; Watanabe, Shinya; Umeki, Nobuhisa et al. (2010) Effect of phosphorylation in the motor domain of human myosin IIIA on its ATP hydrolysis cycle. Biochemistry 49:3695-702
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Lechtreck, Karl-Ferdinand; Johnson, Eric C; Sakai, Tsuyoshi et al. (2009) The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii BBSome is an IFT cargo required for export of specific signaling proteins from flagella. J Cell Biol 187:1117-32
Watanabe, Shinya; Umeki, Nobuhisa; Ikebe, Reiko et al. (2008) Impacts of Usher syndrome type IB mutations on human myosin VIIa motor function. Biochemistry 47:9505-13
Jung, Hyun Suk; Komatsu, Satoshi; Ikebe, Mitsuo et al. (2008) Head-head and head-tail interaction: a general mechanism for switching off myosin II activity in cells. Mol Biol Cell 19:3234-42

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